Pick Your Dictator’s Crime Here! ICC – International Criminal Court / Elements of Crime -Defined in Rome Statutes
Published by the International Criminal Court
ISBN No. 92-9227-232-2
ICC-PIDS-LT-03-002/11_Eng
Copyright © International Criminal Court 2011
All rights reserved
Printed by PrintPartners Ipskamp, Enschede
Cover design: Corps ontwerpers
International Criminal Court | Po Box 19519 | 2500 CM | The Hague | The Netherlands | www.icc-cpi.int
Elements of Crimes
Table of Contents
General introduction 1
Article 6 Genocide 2
Introduction 2
6 (a) Genocide by killing 2
6 (b) Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm 2
6 (c) Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring
about physical destruction 3
6 (d) Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births 3
6 (e) Genocide by forcibly transferring children 3
Article 7 Crimes against humanity 5
Introduction 5
7 (1) (a) Crime against humanity of murder 5
7 (1) (b) Crime against humanity of extermination 6
7 (1) (c) Crime against humanity of enslavement 6
7 (1) (d) Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population 6
7 (1) (e) Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation of
physical liberty 7
7 (1) (f) Crime against humanity of torture 7
7 (1) (g)-1 Crime against humanity of rape 8
7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery 8
7 (1) (g)-3 Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution 9
7 (1) (g)-4 Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy 9
7 (1) (g)-5 Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization 9
7 (1) (g)-6 Crime against humanity of sexual violence 10
7 (1) (h) Crime against humanity of persecution 10
7 (1) (i) Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons, 11
7 (1) (j) Crime against humanity of apartheid 12
7 (1) (k) Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts 12
Article 8 War crimes 13
Introduction 13
Article 8 (2) (a) 13
8 (2) (a) (i) War crime of wilful killing 13
8 (2) (a) (ii)-1 War crime of torture 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-2 War crime of inhuman treatment 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-3 War crime of biological experiments 15
8 (2) (a) (iii) War crime of wilfully causing great suffering 15
8 (2) (a) (iv) War crime of destruction and appropriation of property 15
8 (2) (a) (v) War crime of compelling service in hostile forces 16
8 (2) (a) (vi) War crime of denying a fair trial 16
8 (2) (a) (vii)-1 War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer 17
8 (2) (a) (vii)-2 War crime of unlawful confinement 17
Elements of Crimes
8 (2) (a) (viii) War crime of taking hostages 17
Article 8 (2) (b) 18
8 (2) (b) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 18
8 (2) (b) (ii) War crime of attacking civilian objects 18
8 (2) (b) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission 18
8 (2) (b) (iv) War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage 19
8 (2) (b) (v) War crime of attacking undefended places 20
8 (2) (b) (vi) War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat 20
8 (2) (b) (vii)-1 War crime of improper use of a flag of truce 20
8 (2) (b) (vii)-2 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
hostile party 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-3 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the United
Nations 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-4 War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva
Conventions 22
8 (2) (b) (viii) The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts
of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the
deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied
territory within or outside this territory 22
8 (2) (b) (ix) War crime of attacking protected objects 23
8 (2) (b) (x)-1 War crime of mutilation 23
8 (2) (b) (x)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 24
8 (2) (b) (xi) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 24
8 (2) (b) (xii) War crime of denying quarter 24
8 (2) (b) (xiii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 25
8 (2) (b) (xiv) War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights or
actions 25
8 (2) (b) (xv) War crime of compelling participation in military operations 25
8 (2) (b) (xvi) War crime of pillaging 26
8 (2) (b) (xvii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 26
8 (2) (b) (xviii) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices 26
8 (2) (b) (xix) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 27
8 (2) (b) (xx) War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or methods of
warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute 27
8 (2) (b) (xxi) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 27
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1 War crime of rape 28
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 28
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6 War crime of sexual violence 30
8 (2) (b) (xxiii) War crime of using protected persons as shields 30
8 (2) (b) (xxiv) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 30
8 (2) (b) (xxv) War crime of starvation as a method of warfare 31
8 (2) (b) (xxvi) War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children 31
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) 31
8 (2) (c) (i)-1 War crime of murder 31
8 (2) (c) (i)-2 War crime of mutilation 32
8 (2) (c) (i)-3 War crime of cruel treatment 32
8 (2) (c) (i)-4 War crime of torture 32
8 (2) (c) (ii) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 33
8 (2) (c) (iii) War crime of taking hostages 33
8 (2) (c) (iv) War crime of sentencing or execution without due process 34
Article 8 (2) (e) 34
8 (2) (e) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 34
8 (2) (e) (ii) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 35
8 (2) (e) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission 35
8 (2) (e) (iv) War crime of attacking protected objects 36
8 (2) (e) (v) War crime of pillaging 36
8 (2) (e) (vi)-1 War crime of rape 36
8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 37
8 (2) (e) (vi)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 37
8 (2) (e) (vi)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 38
8 (2) (e) (vi)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 38
8 (2) (e) (vi)-6 War crime of sexual violence 38
8 (2) (e) (vii) War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children 39
8 (2) (e) (viii) War crime of displacing civilians 39
8 (2) (e) (ix) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 39
8 (2) (e) (x) War crime of denying quarter 40
8 (2) (e) (xi)-1 War crime of mutilation 40
8 (2) (e) (xi)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 41
8 (2) (e) (xii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 41
8 (2) (e) (xiii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 41
8 (2) (e) (xiv) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices 42
8 (2) (e) (xv) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 42
Article 8 bis Crime of aggression 43
ISBN No. 92-9227-232-2
ICC-PIDS-LT-03-002/11_Eng
Copyright © International Criminal Court 2011
All rights reserved
Printed by PrintPartners Ipskamp, Enschede
Cover design: Corps ontwerpers
International Criminal Court | Po Box 19519 | 2500 CM | The Hague | The Netherlands | www.icc-cpi.int
Elements of Crimes
Table of Contents
General introduction 1
Article 6 Genocide 2
Introduction 2
6 (a) Genocide by killing 2
6 (b) Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm 2
6 (c) Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring
about physical destruction 3
6 (d) Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births 3
6 (e) Genocide by forcibly transferring children 3
Article 7 Crimes against humanity 5
Introduction 5
7 (1) (a) Crime against humanity of murder 5
7 (1) (b) Crime against humanity of extermination 6
7 (1) (c) Crime against humanity of enslavement 6
7 (1) (d) Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population 6
7 (1) (e) Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation of
physical liberty 7
7 (1) (f) Crime against humanity of torture 7
7 (1) (g)-1 Crime against humanity of rape 8
7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery 8
7 (1) (g)-3 Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution 9
7 (1) (g)-4 Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy 9
7 (1) (g)-5 Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization 9
7 (1) (g)-6 Crime against humanity of sexual violence 10
7 (1) (h) Crime against humanity of persecution 10
7 (1) (i) Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons, 11
7 (1) (j) Crime against humanity of apartheid 12
7 (1) (k) Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts 12
Article 8 War crimes 13
Introduction 13
Article 8 (2) (a) 13
8 (2) (a) (i) War crime of wilful killing 13
8 (2) (a) (ii)-1 War crime of torture 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-2 War crime of inhuman treatment 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-3 War crime of biological experiments 15
8 (2) (a) (iii) War crime of wilfully causing great suffering 15
8 (2) (a) (iv) War crime of destruction and appropriation of property 15
8 (2) (a) (v) War crime of compelling service in hostile forces 16
8 (2) (a) (vi) War crime of denying a fair trial 16
8 (2) (a) (vii)-1 War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer 17
8 (2) (a) (vii)-2 War crime of unlawful confinement 17
Elements of Crimes
8 (2) (a) (viii) War crime of taking hostages 17
Article 8 (2) (b) 18
8 (2) (b) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 18
8 (2) (b) (ii) War crime of attacking civilian objects 18
8 (2) (b) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission 18
8 (2) (b) (iv) War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage 19
8 (2) (b) (v) War crime of attacking undefended places 20
8 (2) (b) (vi) War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat 20
8 (2) (b) (vii)-1 War crime of improper use of a flag of truce 20
8 (2) (b) (vii)-2 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
hostile party 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-3 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the United
Nations 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-4 War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva
Conventions 22
8 (2) (b) (viii) The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts
of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the
deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied
territory within or outside this territory 22
8 (2) (b) (ix) War crime of attacking protected objects 23
8 (2) (b) (x)-1 War crime of mutilation 23
8 (2) (b) (x)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 24
8 (2) (b) (xi) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 24
8 (2) (b) (xii) War crime of denying quarter 24
8 (2) (b) (xiii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 25
8 (2) (b) (xiv) War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights or
actions 25
8 (2) (b) (xv) War crime of compelling participation in military operations 25
8 (2) (b) (xvi) War crime of pillaging 26
8 (2) (b) (xvii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 26
8 (2) (b) (xviii) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices 26
8 (2) (b) (xix) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 27
8 (2) (b) (xx) War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or methods of
warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute 27
8 (2) (b) (xxi) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 27
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1 War crime of rape 28
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 28
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6 War crime of sexual violence 30
8 (2) (b) (xxiii) War crime of using protected persons as shields 30
8 (2) (b) (xxiv) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 30
8 (2) (b) (xxv) War crime of starvation as a method of warfare 31
8 (2) (b) (xxvi) War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children 31
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) 31
8 (2) (c) (i)-1 War crime of murder 31
8 (2) (c) (i)-2 War crime of mutilation 32
8 (2) (c) (i)-3 War crime of cruel treatment 32
8 (2) (c) (i)-4 War crime of torture 32
8 (2) (c) (ii) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 33
8 (2) (c) (iii) War crime of taking hostages 33
8 (2) (c) (iv) War crime of sentencing or execution without due process 34
Article 8 (2) (e) 34
8 (2) (e) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 34
8 (2) (e) (ii) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 35
8 (2) (e) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission 35
8 (2) (e) (iv) War crime of attacking protected objects 36
8 (2) (e) (v) War crime of pillaging 36
8 (2) (e) (vi)-1 War crime of rape 36
8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 37
8 (2) (e) (vi)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 37
8 (2) (e) (vi)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 38
8 (2) (e) (vi)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 38
8 (2) (e) (vi)-6 War crime of sexual violence 38
8 (2) (e) (vii) War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children 39
8 (2) (e) (viii) War crime of displacing civilians 39
8 (2) (e) (ix) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 39
8 (2) (e) (x) War crime of denying quarter 40
8 (2) (e) (xi)-1 War crime of mutilation 40
8 (2) (e) (xi)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 41
8 (2) (e) (xii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 41
8 (2) (e) (xiii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 41
8 (2) (e) (xiv) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices 42
8 (2) (e) (xv) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 42
Article 8 bis Crime of aggression 43
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