Sen. McCain compares Assad to Gadhafi: Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.
Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.#3000Too #SyriansDemand ##assadMUSTbProsecuted #WarCrimes #AssadTheChildKiller #ICC
Monday, October 31, 2011
Turkey Turns on Assad #AssadTheChildKiller #SOS #ICC #UN #Warcrimes #ChildVictims
Turkey Turns on Assad: The Wall Street Journal says that Istanbul's change of heart is a new chance for the U.S. to support regime change in Damascus
Turkey Turns on Assad http://on.wsj.com/uA3Nod #AssadTheChildKiller #SOS #ICC #UN #Warcrimes #ChildVictims
Turkey Turns on Assad http://on.wsj.com/uA3Nod #AssadTheChildKiller #SOS #ICC #UN #Warcrimes #ChildVictims
Syrians to draft new Constitution amid Clashes | English | NEWS | DayPress
Syrians to draft new Constitution amid Clashes | English | NEWS | DayPress
#AssadTheTyrant #ThreatensTheWorld #FuckYouAssad #AssadMustGo2Hell
#AssadTheTyrant #ThreatensTheWorld #FuckYouAssad #AssadMustGo2Hell
Sunday, October 30, 2011
شام-دير الزور القورية أحد تجميد العضوية 30-10-201 ج3
شام-دير الزور القورية أحد تجميد العضوية 30-10-201 ج3: شام-دير الزور القورية أحد تجميد العضوية 30-10-201 ج3
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Embrace Generosity and Joy of Service
[ This was really self-convicting .. :} but Beautiful ]
Where there is hate, let me bring Love -
Where there is offense, let me bring Pardon - [cough,choking!]
Where there is discord, let me bring Union -
Where there is error, let me bring Truth -
Where there is doubt, let me bring Faith -
Where there is darkness, let me bring Light -
Where there is sadness, let me bring Joy -
because it is in giving oneself that one receives;
it is in forgetting oneself that one is found ...
- St. Francis of Assisi
[ for some reason that makes me cry ]
Where there is hate, let me bring Love -
Where there is offense, let me bring Pardon - [cough,choking!]
Where there is discord, let me bring Union -
Where there is error, let me bring Truth -
Where there is doubt, let me bring Faith -
Where there is darkness, let me bring Light -
Where there is sadness, let me bring Joy -
because it is in giving oneself that one receives;
it is in forgetting oneself that one is found ...
- St. Francis of Assisi
[ for some reason that makes me cry ]
Syria School Children dragged from Class to be Killed by Assad Alawite A...
clipped from video description:
Daraa Region, Al Sabeel neighborhood --
Alawite Sectarian War of Genocide Continues unabated as Syrian Sunni Students are arrested and dragged out of Class and taken off to be tortured and Killed by the Psycho-killer Dictator Bashar Assad. The arrested students' classmates watch in horror from School Windows. The Teacher is very nervous and keeps yelling at the kids to stay away from the windows and keeps saying they are going to see you -- and tells the kid with the video camera = " he is looking up here" "he saw you while you are filming"
The Dictator Assad is holding approximately 20,000 political prisoners in his prisons and over 3,000 of these prisoners have disappeared and it is feared that Assad has had them killed and buried in mass graves. The Assad regime has arrested, tortured and killed thousands of innocent unarmed men, women and children, from two year old children in Latakia to 80 year old men. Even mentally disabled and disabled amputee Syrians have been arrested, tortured and killed in horrible ways by the Assad Police State.
This Video Clip shows one more good reason why NATO Must Bomb Assad and His Alawite Army of Sadistic Animals now so as to help us Liberate Syria and to stop the relentless atrocities that the Alawite Ruling Class is perpetrating in its ruthless Sectarian War against the nation's Sunni Majority population.
Students have been attacked in the last few weeks since the school year began as the Regime is afraid of Students and afraid of their youthful Courage and of the students demand for an end to the fake Baathist revisionist history. The Schools have always been a place where the Baath party and the depraved sadistic Assad family have tried to brainwash the youth of our nation into worshipping the Assad family as if they are Gods and the sight of tens of thousands of students around the nation demonstrating and calling for the toppling of the regime and for an end to Baathist fake education has enraged the Dictator and he has ordered the arrest, torture and killing of any student who dare to challenge the Assad famly Dictatorship.
ام درعا السبيل مدرسة المتفوقين اعتقال طلاب الحرية من قبل قوات الاسد القمعية
Category:
News & Politics
Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | 'The regime is definitely finished'
Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | 'The regime is definitely finished'
clipped from article:
How would you characterise the situation in Syria today, seven months after the beginning of the uprising against the regime?
In terms of the movement itself and the response from the regime, we need to distinguish two aspects. The first is the nature of the uprising. This has gone through phases, but today there is a spirit of irreversibility, of there being no return, so there's a very strong feeling in the movement that we have crossed a frontier and we will not go back.
This means that as the repression from the regime continues to be very high, people are looking for new strategies to ensure the movement continues. These have to do with finding new strategies of peaceful protest -- and we've just entered a movement of strikes, of shops closing, and of people not willing to go to work in cities across Syria a few days ago. It looks as if this movement is picking up now, and it might expand to other cities, including to the merchant class.
There is also the temptation, even the physical need, for people to take up arms to defend themselves, and we know that there are arms circulating in Syria. Our movement does not call for armed struggle against the regime, but there have been increasing numbers of defections from the army. It is very difficult to know the figures, but they are somewhere between 15,000 and 30,000. We don't always know the ranks of the defectors, but we do know that not only low-ranking soldiers have defected and that there have been defectors in the higher echelons of the army. [ read more at link}
clipped from article:
How would you characterise the situation in Syria today, seven months after the beginning of the uprising against the regime?
In terms of the movement itself and the response from the regime, we need to distinguish two aspects. The first is the nature of the uprising. This has gone through phases, but today there is a spirit of irreversibility, of there being no return, so there's a very strong feeling in the movement that we have crossed a frontier and we will not go back.
This means that as the repression from the regime continues to be very high, people are looking for new strategies to ensure the movement continues. These have to do with finding new strategies of peaceful protest -- and we've just entered a movement of strikes, of shops closing, and of people not willing to go to work in cities across Syria a few days ago. It looks as if this movement is picking up now, and it might expand to other cities, including to the merchant class.
There is also the temptation, even the physical need, for people to take up arms to defend themselves, and we know that there are arms circulating in Syria. Our movement does not call for armed struggle against the regime, but there have been increasing numbers of defections from the army. It is very difficult to know the figures, but they are somewhere between 15,000 and 30,000. We don't always know the ranks of the defectors, but we do know that not only low-ranking soldiers have defected and that there have been defectors in the higher echelons of the army. [ read more at link}
Fresh raids in Syria after deadly day of protests -
Fresh raids in Syria after deadly day of protests -
CLIPPED FROM ARTICLE:
BEIRUT (AP) — Activists say Syrian security forces have conducted fresh raids after one of the deadliest days in months in the country's uprising.
According to the opposition's two main activist groups, about 40 people were killed on Friday as security forces opened fire on protesters and hunted them down in house-to-house raids.
The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says residents early Saturday reported heavy machine-gun fire in the central city of Homs and sweeping raids and arrests around the eastern city of Deir el-Zour.
The U.N. estimates the regime crackdown has killed 3,000 people since March, when the uprising against President Bashar Assad began.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
BEIRUT (AP) — Syrian security forces opened fire Friday on protesters and hunted them down in house-to-house raids, killing about 30 people in the deadliest day in weeks in the country's 7-month-old uprising, activists said.
The popular revolt against Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime has proved remarkably resilient, with protests erupting every week despite the near-certainty the government will respond with bullets and tear gas. The U.N. estimates the regime crackdown on the protests has killed 3,000 people since March.
Much of the bloodshed Friday happened after the protests had ended and security forces armed with machine guns chased protesters and activists, according to opposition groups monitoring the demonstrations. Authorities disrupted telephone and Internet service, they said.
[ READ MORE AT LINK ]
CLIPPED FROM ARTICLE:
BEIRUT (AP) — Activists say Syrian security forces have conducted fresh raids after one of the deadliest days in months in the country's uprising.
According to the opposition's two main activist groups, about 40 people were killed on Friday as security forces opened fire on protesters and hunted them down in house-to-house raids.
The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says residents early Saturday reported heavy machine-gun fire in the central city of Homs and sweeping raids and arrests around the eastern city of Deir el-Zour.
The U.N. estimates the regime crackdown has killed 3,000 people since March, when the uprising against President Bashar Assad began.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
BEIRUT (AP) — Syrian security forces opened fire Friday on protesters and hunted them down in house-to-house raids, killing about 30 people in the deadliest day in weeks in the country's 7-month-old uprising, activists said.
The popular revolt against Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime has proved remarkably resilient, with protests erupting every week despite the near-certainty the government will respond with bullets and tear gas. The U.N. estimates the regime crackdown on the protests has killed 3,000 people since March.
Much of the bloodshed Friday happened after the protests had ended and security forces armed with machine guns chased protesters and activists, according to opposition groups monitoring the demonstrations. Authorities disrupted telephone and Internet service, they said.
[ READ MORE AT LINK ]
Friday, October 28, 2011
LiveLeak.com - The Final Funeral Rites For Qaddafi Before Burial- He Didn't Get Buried The Way He Wanted
LiveLeak.com - The Final Funeral Rites For Qaddafi Before Burial- He Didn't Get Buried The Way He Wanted: Muammar Qaddafi left a will expecting to be killed. He asked that he be buried in accordance with Muslim traditions, but in whatever clothes he dies in and not shrouded and not washed. However Muslim
LiveLeak The Final Funeral Rites For Qaddafi Before Burial- He Didn't Get Buried The Way He Wanted http://bit.ly/vdRnm7 #JusticeHappens
LiveLeak The Final Funeral Rites For Qaddafi Before Burial- He Didn't Get Buried The Way He Wanted http://bit.ly/vdRnm7 #JusticeHappens
Arab League sends urgent message to Assad to end violence | World | Reuters
Arab League sends urgent message to Assad to end violence
| World
| Reuters: CAIRO (Reuters) - Arab ministers said on Friday they had sent an urgent message to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad, calling on him to end seven months of violence against civilians following the killing
| World
| Reuters: CAIRO (Reuters) - Arab ministers said on Friday they had sent an urgent message to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad, calling on him to end seven months of violence against civilians following the killing
Robert M. Danin: Middle East Matters » Could the ICC Be Assad’s Way Out?
Robert M. Danin: Middle East Matters » Could the ICC Be Assad’s Way Out?
clipped from article:
Reports emerged on Wednesday that Saif al-Islam, the son of Libya’s former strongman Muammar Qaddafi, is seeking surrender to the ICC. Saif, one of the former regime’s most wanted men, was charged by the ICC with crimes against humanity in June. A source tied to the National Transitional Council reports that Saif “believes handing himself over is the best option for him.”
Following the onset of NATO’s intervention in Libya, while Qaddafi still firmly controlled Tripoli, many, including me, questioned the wisdom of charging the Libyan leader at the ICC at that point in time. It was not that he wasn’t worthy of such an indictment. Rather, the concern was that taking Qaddafi to the ICC before he had stepped down would only make it less likely for him to seek a safe haven abroad. Since the Rome Statute, which established the ICC, entered into force in 2002, 116 countries have become party to it thereby significantly constricting the number of countries to which dictators can flee without fear of prosecution. Thus, ICC indictments could have the unintended consequence of prolonging conflicts by encouraging dictators to hang on since they have fewer places to flee. That still may be true.
But Saif’s reported plea to be taken to the ICC shows the other side of the coin: indictments at The Hague could provide those likely to face certain death at home for their brutal crimes against their own people with a more attractive sanctuary.
[read more at link ]
clipped from article:
Reports emerged on Wednesday that Saif al-Islam, the son of Libya’s former strongman Muammar Qaddafi, is seeking surrender to the ICC. Saif, one of the former regime’s most wanted men, was charged by the ICC with crimes against humanity in June. A source tied to the National Transitional Council reports that Saif “believes handing himself over is the best option for him.”
Following the onset of NATO’s intervention in Libya, while Qaddafi still firmly controlled Tripoli, many, including me, questioned the wisdom of charging the Libyan leader at the ICC at that point in time. It was not that he wasn’t worthy of such an indictment. Rather, the concern was that taking Qaddafi to the ICC before he had stepped down would only make it less likely for him to seek a safe haven abroad. Since the Rome Statute, which established the ICC, entered into force in 2002, 116 countries have become party to it thereby significantly constricting the number of countries to which dictators can flee without fear of prosecution. Thus, ICC indictments could have the unintended consequence of prolonging conflicts by encouraging dictators to hang on since they have fewer places to flee. That still may be true.
But Saif’s reported plea to be taken to the ICC shows the other side of the coin: indictments at The Hague could provide those likely to face certain death at home for their brutal crimes against their own people with a more attractive sanctuary.
[read more at link ]
gulfnews : Defections may loosen Al Assad's grip on power
gulfnews : Defections may loosen Al Assad's grip on power
clipped from article:
Amman: Cracks in Syria's military are widening along sectarian lines, say analysts, fuelling an armed mutiny that may pose an even greater threat to President Bashar Al Assad than the street protests which have rocked the country for months.
Diplomats and military experts say army cohesiveness is fraying and defections increasing as the leadership, largely from the minority Alawite sect, sends troops out to crush unrest across the country of 20 million.
"The crackdown is looking increasingly unsustainable. [Al] Assad is more unable to rely on the majority Sunni rank and file. It is costing lots of money to move already exhausted core troops and his capability of launching simultaneous strikes on protest centres is diminishing," a European diplomat said.
"The Sunni backlash against him is growing, and we could see a scenario where he will lose the countryside." [ read more at link]
clipped from article:
Amman: Cracks in Syria's military are widening along sectarian lines, say analysts, fuelling an armed mutiny that may pose an even greater threat to President Bashar Al Assad than the street protests which have rocked the country for months.
Diplomats and military experts say army cohesiveness is fraying and defections increasing as the leadership, largely from the minority Alawite sect, sends troops out to crush unrest across the country of 20 million.
"The crackdown is looking increasingly unsustainable. [Al] Assad is more unable to rely on the majority Sunni rank and file. It is costing lots of money to move already exhausted core troops and his capability of launching simultaneous strikes on protest centres is diminishing," a European diplomat said.
"The Sunni backlash against him is growing, and we could see a scenario where he will lose the countryside." [ read more at link]
Activists: Syrian security kill 30, disrupt communications in restive areas
Activists: Syrian security kill 30, disrupt communications in restive areas: BEIRUT — Syrian security forces opened fire Friday on protesters and hunted them down in house-to-house raids, killing about 30 people in the deadliest day in weeks in the country’s 7-month-old uprising, activists said.
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Human Rights #OccupyICC #Occupy #ICC " Systematic " Crimes Against Humanity
Human Rights 4 All: Newsvine - ICC " Systematic " Crimes Against Human...: Newsvine - ICC " Systematic " Crimes Against Humanity Protesters killed despite quit promise International Criminal Court Crimes Against ...
DEMANDS:
Help Victims NOW!! BE PROACTIVE CONTACT VICTIMS WITH INFORMATION
STOP BEING PASSIVE
FOLLOW INTERNATIONAL LAWS AS OUTLINED ON YOUR OWN WEBSITE!
VICTIMS ARE ALLOWED TO FILE COMPLAINT AND PRESENT EVIDENCE WHICH 'MUST' BE INVESTIGATED AS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY SPELLED OUT IN ARTICLES 6,7 AND 8, AS WELL AS EVERY ONE OF THE 31 ARTICLES IN THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND ICC WAITS FOR DICTATORS AND CHILD-KILLING-SUPPORTERS PERMISSION BEFORE VICTIMS CAN FILE? THAT IS NOT WHAT INTERNATIONAL LAW STATES, THIS IS A CLEAR VIOLATION OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL CODE OF CONDUCT AND IS OBVIOUSLY BASED ON DISCRIMINATION AGAINST RACE, NATIONALITY, RELIGION, AND GENDER. SYSTEMATIC CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY ARE BEING WITNESSED BY THE WORLD AND DOCUMENTED ONLINE AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS REMAIN INACTIVE TO HELP SAVE CHILDREN FROM DAILY ATROCITIES!
THIS IS OUT OF ORDER! #OCCUPY #ICC #OCCUPYICC
DEMANDS:
Help Victims NOW!! BE PROACTIVE CONTACT VICTIMS WITH INFORMATION
STOP BEING PASSIVE
FOLLOW INTERNATIONAL LAWS AS OUTLINED ON YOUR OWN WEBSITE!
VICTIMS ARE ALLOWED TO FILE COMPLAINT AND PRESENT EVIDENCE WHICH 'MUST' BE INVESTIGATED AS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY SPELLED OUT IN ARTICLES 6,7 AND 8, AS WELL AS EVERY ONE OF THE 31 ARTICLES IN THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND ICC WAITS FOR DICTATORS AND CHILD-KILLING-SUPPORTERS PERMISSION BEFORE VICTIMS CAN FILE? THAT IS NOT WHAT INTERNATIONAL LAW STATES, THIS IS A CLEAR VIOLATION OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL CODE OF CONDUCT AND IS OBVIOUSLY BASED ON DISCRIMINATION AGAINST RACE, NATIONALITY, RELIGION, AND GENDER. SYSTEMATIC CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY ARE BEING WITNESSED BY THE WORLD AND DOCUMENTED ONLINE AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS REMAIN INACTIVE TO HELP SAVE CHILDREN FROM DAILY ATROCITIES!
THIS IS OUT OF ORDER! #OCCUPY #ICC #OCCUPYICC
Element_of_Crimes Defined by #ICC #CrimesAgainstHumanity
Human Rights 4 All: Element_of_Crimes Defined by #ICC #CrimesAgainstHu...: Element_of_Crimes_English.pdf (application/pdf Object) Crimes Against Humanity as Defined by the International Criminal Court Website / Ro...
REPORT CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
DON'T WAIT FOR THE UNITED BYSTANDERS! / UNITED NATIONS / WORLD LEADERS
ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW VICTIMS CAN SUBMIT EVIDENCE FOR INVESTIGATION
This is total BS that International Laws are being ignored, bypassed due to discrimination! When ICC is flooded with victim reports with evidence, international law will have to be enforced. The law is clear in black and white, it is "enforcement" which seems to be the problem. We must force International Law to Code of Conduct for Public Officials to follow the law. Public officials that do not follow documented procedures for crimes against humanity should be removed from office. World should begin to demand international officials follow international law procedures as stated on the ICC website, that victims can personally file complaints! ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE APPROVAL FROM DICTATORS OR PREJUDICE PUBLIC OFFICIALS FIRST. It is the International Criminal Court, and UN that are not making people (primarily victims of crimes against humanity) aware of the procedures as they act as if the international law only has to be followed if first approved by dictator supporters. This is totally absurd!
Procedures must be followed as outlined on the ICC website:
These resources have NOT been provided to victim! As if victims are supposed to to stumble across it and then fight the system. Officials from ICC should be 'going out' to provide victims with this information. ICC is seriously lacking professional responsibility and liable for human right violations by not upholding international law, assuming the world to be ignorant. Public Officials should be held accountable and liable for not protecting human rights proactively, instead human rights are only protected with a passive discrimination depending on nationality, race, religion and gender.
How many people unnecessarily die due to lack of information concerning the process of protecting human rights?
For each unnecessary death, unnecessary suffering is due to the negligence of public officials and compensation is order! If the UN and ICC systems are so out of date that they have not even made an effort to contact victims to let them know their rights, they are guilty of aiding criminals of crimes against humanity. I understand the system is out of date, and was not prepared for the world wide web communication to open the flood gates revealing evidence of crimes against humanity before the entire world. World is acting to help by protesting these violations publicly, while world leaders in public office do nothing but observe, and make casual comments, still without assisting victims of crimes against humanity. Because of this negligence now many children that have survived outrageous crimes against humanity, are in serious need of plastic surgery and prosthetic limbs and eyes, and I am going to push for the needed medical attention. Neither the UN nor ICC has made an attempt to contact victims to inform them or assist them in anyway. The only help they have offered has been speaking to dictators casually, as killing children continue as the talks of peace are nothing but a show for the ignorant. The WORLD IS SEEING WHAT IS GOING ON! Wake up and stop assuming the world is ignorant, it is rather insulting and what is fueling the global revolution!
ICC standards and procedures must be implemented. Communication is the key, and at this time responsibilities from public officials has been completely neglected, and used according to each officials discretion and discrimination.
http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Legal+Texts+and+Tools/
Basic Legal Texts
The Official Journal
The Official Journal of the ICC was created pursuant to regulation 7 of the Regulations of the Court and contains the following texts and amendments there to:
The Rome Statute;
The Rules of Procedure and Evidence;
The Elements of Crimes;
The Regulations of the Court;
The Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor;
The Regulations of the Registry;
The Code of Professional Conduct for counsel;
The Code of Judicial Ethics;
Staff rules of the International Criminal Court;
The Staff Regulations;
The Financial Regulations and Rules;
The Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court;
Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations;
The Headquarters Agreement with the Host State;
Any other material as decided by the Presidency in consultation with the Prosecutor and/or the Registrar.
Legal Tools
The Legal Tools Project aspires to equip users with the legal information, digests and software required to work effectively with international criminal law.
It seeks to serve as a complete virtual library on international criminal law and justice. The Tools comprise the largest online collection of relevant documents and legal digests available through the Case Matrix application. Some 13 collections of legal documents are included, together with four legal research and reference tools developed by lawyers connected with the Court and external partners: the Case Matrix, the Elements Digest, the Proceedings Digest and the Means of Proof Digest.
Text in these tools - or the organization of legal information in the collections - does not necessarily represent views of the ICC, any of its Organs or any participants in the proceedings before the ICC.
ICC - Contact us http://bit.ly/g2HGAI
Information for Victims of Crimes Against Humanity
Link above has copy of Elements of Crimes as defined by the International Criminal Court, revealing Systematic crimes such as those by Mubarak, Gaddafi, Assad and other dictators.
REPORT CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
DON'T WAIT FOR THE UNITED BYSTANDERS! / UNITED NATIONS / WORLD LEADERS
ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW VICTIMS CAN SUBMIT EVIDENCE FOR INVESTIGATION
This is total BS that International Laws are being ignored, bypassed due to discrimination! When ICC is flooded with victim reports with evidence, international law will have to be enforced. The law is clear in black and white, it is "enforcement" which seems to be the problem. We must force International Law to Code of Conduct for Public Officials to follow the law. Public officials that do not follow documented procedures for crimes against humanity should be removed from office. World should begin to demand international officials follow international law procedures as stated on the ICC website, that victims can personally file complaints! ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE APPROVAL FROM DICTATORS OR PREJUDICE PUBLIC OFFICIALS FIRST. It is the International Criminal Court, and UN that are not making people (primarily victims of crimes against humanity) aware of the procedures as they act as if the international law only has to be followed if first approved by dictator supporters. This is totally absurd!
Procedures must be followed as outlined on the ICC website:
These resources have NOT been provided to victim! As if victims are supposed to to stumble across it and then fight the system. Officials from ICC should be 'going out' to provide victims with this information. ICC is seriously lacking professional responsibility and liable for human right violations by not upholding international law, assuming the world to be ignorant. Public Officials should be held accountable and liable for not protecting human rights proactively, instead human rights are only protected with a passive discrimination depending on nationality, race, religion and gender.
How many people unnecessarily die due to lack of information concerning the process of protecting human rights?
For each unnecessary death, unnecessary suffering is due to the negligence of public officials and compensation is order! If the UN and ICC systems are so out of date that they have not even made an effort to contact victims to let them know their rights, they are guilty of aiding criminals of crimes against humanity. I understand the system is out of date, and was not prepared for the world wide web communication to open the flood gates revealing evidence of crimes against humanity before the entire world. World is acting to help by protesting these violations publicly, while world leaders in public office do nothing but observe, and make casual comments, still without assisting victims of crimes against humanity. Because of this negligence now many children that have survived outrageous crimes against humanity, are in serious need of plastic surgery and prosthetic limbs and eyes, and I am going to push for the needed medical attention. Neither the UN nor ICC has made an attempt to contact victims to inform them or assist them in anyway. The only help they have offered has been speaking to dictators casually, as killing children continue as the talks of peace are nothing but a show for the ignorant. The WORLD IS SEEING WHAT IS GOING ON! Wake up and stop assuming the world is ignorant, it is rather insulting and what is fueling the global revolution!
ICC standards and procedures must be implemented. Communication is the key, and at this time responsibilities from public officials has been completely neglected, and used according to each officials discretion and discrimination.
http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Legal+Texts+and+Tools/
Basic Legal Texts
The Official Journal
The Official Journal of the ICC was created pursuant to regulation 7 of the Regulations of the Court and contains the following texts and amendments there to:
The Rome Statute;
The Rules of Procedure and Evidence;
The Elements of Crimes;
The Regulations of the Court;
The Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor;
The Regulations of the Registry;
The Code of Professional Conduct for counsel;
The Code of Judicial Ethics;
Staff rules of the International Criminal Court;
The Staff Regulations;
The Financial Regulations and Rules;
The Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court;
Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations;
The Headquarters Agreement with the Host State;
Any other material as decided by the Presidency in consultation with the Prosecutor and/or the Registrar.
Legal Tools
The Legal Tools Project aspires to equip users with the legal information, digests and software required to work effectively with international criminal law.
It seeks to serve as a complete virtual library on international criminal law and justice. The Tools comprise the largest online collection of relevant documents and legal digests available through the Case Matrix application. Some 13 collections of legal documents are included, together with four legal research and reference tools developed by lawyers connected with the Court and external partners: the Case Matrix, the Elements Digest, the Proceedings Digest and the Means of Proof Digest.
Text in these tools - or the organization of legal information in the collections - does not necessarily represent views of the ICC, any of its Organs or any participants in the proceedings before the ICC.
ICC - Contact us http://bit.ly/g2HGAI
Information for Victims of Crimes Against Humanity
Link above has copy of Elements of Crimes as defined by the International Criminal Court, revealing Systematic crimes such as those by Mubarak, Gaddafi, Assad and other dictators.
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Vote Now! Cunt of the Month - October 2011 - Shrub Monkey - Cunt of the Day
Cunt of the Month - October 2011 - Shrub Monkey - Cunt of the Day
Have your say!
Cunt of the Month - October 2011
Hit & Run Drivers in China
Muammar Gaddafi
Bashar al-Assad
Harold Camping
Ali Abdullah Saleh
Have your say!
Cunt of the Month - October 2011
Hit & Run Drivers in China
Muammar Gaddafi
Bashar al-Assad
Harold Camping
Ali Abdullah Saleh
A year and half kid was shelled by bmp by Al Assad in Homs-Syria 26-10-2...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGTZv6QaaVo
Syria Army Attacks Hama Protest - 10-21-11 Gadaffi Finished ! - Assad Next !
Syria Army Attacks Hama Protest - 10-21-11 Gadaffi Finished ! - Assad Next !: Video of Syria Army attacking a pro Democracy rally in Hama, Syria on Friday, October 21, 2011 In Syria we have no Free Speech, No Free Press or TV, We have ...
Syrian dissidents in U.S. fear reprisals back home
Syrian dissidents in U.S. fear reprisals back home: RPS Notes: Mother of Malik Jandfali (66) beaten because her son played for an anti-Assad rally at the White House. Alaa Basatneh's illusion of safety shattered when the 19-year-old anti-Syrian
The balance of power is shifting
The balance of power is shifting: A MONTH ago seasoned watchers of Syria reckoned that the regime’s ferocious crackdown would keep the lid on dissent, albeit with President Bashar Assad’s legitimacy badly impaired. Now the prevailing wisdom is changing.
France FM: Fall of Assad government in Syria 'unavoidable'
France FM: Fall of Assad government in Syria 'unavoidable': French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe says pressure of protests and sanctions will eventually oust Bashar Assad from power but process will take time due to complexity of internal and regional politics.
US Senators urge UN Security Council to refer credible charges of crimes against humanity by Syrian president Assad to the ICC - @AJELive
US Senators urge UN Security Council to refer credible charges of crimes against humanity by Syrian president Assad to the ICC - @AJELive: US Senators urge UN Security Council to refer credible charges of crimes against humanity by Syrian president Assad to the ICC - @AJELive
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Syria - Dictator Destroys Deir Balbae - Assad will be Punished like Gadaffi 10-24-11
Syria - Dictator Destroys Deir Balbae - Assad will be Punished like Gadaffi 10-24-11: Artillery Shell holes in this family's bedroom - right over their bed, along with other artillery holes and large caliber weapon holes in their bedroom . The...
Clipped from video description: y Wyatt
Syria - Dictator Destroys Deir Balbae - Assad will be Punished like Gadaffi 10-24-11 Artillery Shell holes in this family's bedroom -right over their bed, along with other artillery holes and large caliber weapon holes in their bedroom . The Video then takes you out onto the Balcony where you look over the city of Deir Balbae and it is a scene of utter destruction that is shocking to see. The Dictator Assad must have attacked this city like it was a foreign enemy battlefield. Assad will be overthrown and he will meet his end in the same manner as Gadaffi did if he insists on trying to hold onto power until the very end. Assad has arrested, tortured and killed thousands of innocent people and he will pay for these crimes. Saddam and his sons and Gadaffi and his sons all paid with their lives for their crimes against Humanity. Bashar and Maher Assad and the leaders of the Baath Party, Intelligence Sections, Military Command and top Regime Cronies and Accomplices will all be overthrown and captured and we will then hold them accountable and we will not be merciful with them. What happened to Gadaffi is nothing compared to what might happen to Assad when the Syria people take power and capture him, as he, Assad, has arrested, tortured and slaughtered a lot more innocent civilians than did Gadaffi, evil as he was. ديدشلاراصحلا25/10/2011ج 2 مغر ةيئاسم ةبلعبريد صمح-ماش
Clipped from video description: y Wyatt
Syria - Dictator Destroys Deir Balbae - Assad will be Punished like Gadaffi 10-24-11 Artillery Shell holes in this family's bedroom -right over their bed, along with other artillery holes and large caliber weapon holes in their bedroom . The Video then takes you out onto the Balcony where you look over the city of Deir Balbae and it is a scene of utter destruction that is shocking to see. The Dictator Assad must have attacked this city like it was a foreign enemy battlefield. Assad will be overthrown and he will meet his end in the same manner as Gadaffi did if he insists on trying to hold onto power until the very end. Assad has arrested, tortured and killed thousands of innocent people and he will pay for these crimes. Saddam and his sons and Gadaffi and his sons all paid with their lives for their crimes against Humanity. Bashar and Maher Assad and the leaders of the Baath Party, Intelligence Sections, Military Command and top Regime Cronies and Accomplices will all be overthrown and captured and we will then hold them accountable and we will not be merciful with them. What happened to Gadaffi is nothing compared to what might happen to Assad when the Syria people take power and capture him, as he, Assad, has arrested, tortured and slaughtered a lot more innocent civilians than did Gadaffi, evil as he was. ديدشلاراصحلا25/10/2011ج 2 مغر ةيئاسم ةبلعبريد صمح-ماش
New Poll Finds That Syria’s Government Has Lost Almost All Support From The Arab Street
New Poll Finds That Syria’s Government Has Lost Almost All Support From The Arab Street: In 2009, a special poll commissioned by the Al-Zughbi International Foundation for Polls and presented at the Brookings Institution found that Syrian leader Bashar Al-Assad was the region’s most popular leader among the publics of six large Arab states. Today, a poll released by the Arab American Institute (AAI) that gauged the opinions of people [...]
U.S. senators: Charge Assad before ICC | The Raw Story
U.S. senators: Charge Assad before ICC | The Raw Story
YES!!! YES!!!
Happy birthday 2 me, Happy birthday 2 me! Thankyou! Thank you! Exactly what I wanted 4 my birthday, my Father is so good :) Thank you Lord 4 stopping Assad Bashar from killing .... Amen and Ameen, so be it, let it be so. For God's Sake and for the sake of humanity, for the sake of children's lives. Nothing, absolutely Nothing is worse than harming a child. This is why Assad Must Go to International Criminal Court
YES!!! YES!!!
Happy birthday 2 me, Happy birthday 2 me! Thankyou! Thank you! Exactly what I wanted 4 my birthday, my Father is so good :) Thank you Lord 4 stopping Assad Bashar from killing .... Amen and Ameen, so be it, let it be so. For God's Sake and for the sake of humanity, for the sake of children's lives. Nothing, absolutely Nothing is worse than harming a child. This is why Assad Must Go to International Criminal Court
Never forget #GaddafiCrimes GRAPHIC (pls see more ...
Never forget #GaddafiCrimes GRAPHIC (pls see more by clicking on username top right)
http://yfrog.com/1a3hpz: Click on the video to comment, share or view other great videos
http://yfrog.com/1a3hpz: Click on the video to comment, share or view other great videos
شام-حمص دير بعلبة مسائية رغم الحصار الشديد 25/10/2011 ج2
شام-حمص دير بعلبة مسائية رغم الحصار الشديد 25/10/2011 ج2: شام-حمص دير بعلبة مسائية رغم الحصار الشديد 25/10/2011x ج2
Ouster of Syria's Assad would be 'opportunity' for Israel (video) - CSMonitor.com
Ouster of Syria's Assad would be 'opportunity' for Israel (video) - CSMonitor.com: Michael Oren, Israel's ambassador to the US, said Tuesday it will take more time to know how the democratic uprisings in Arab nations will affect relations with Israel. But 'possible ouster' of President Assad in Syria would afford 'an opportunity to us,' he said.
Al-Nahda supporters: Basar al-Assad, you coward, the Syrian people won't accept humiliation" #Tunisia #Tunisie #Tnelec - img.ly
Al-Nahda supporters:"Basar al-Assad, you coward, the Syrian people won't accept humiliation" #Tunisia #Tunisie #Tnelec - img.ly: Al-Nahda supporters:"Basar al-Assad, you coward, the Syrian people won't accept humiliation" #Tunisia #Tunisie #Tnelec
Poll: Arab support for Assad at historic low
Poll: Arab support for Assad at historic low: Arab American Institute Foundation survey finds that Arabs do not support US intervention in Syria, despite disillusionment with Assad.
(10-24-11) Idlib | Assad Forces Burn Martyr Waleed bin AbdelHameed AlRihabi
(10-24-11) Idlib | Assad Forces Burn Martyr Waleed bin AbdelHameed AlRihabi: https://www.facebook.com/SyrianDaysOfRage https://twitter.com/#!/SyriaDayofRage Syrian victims are screaming for your help. Will you answer?
End of Assad's Reign in Syria Looms @PolicyMic | Jonathan Bertman
End of Assad's Reign in Syria Looms @PolicyMic | Jonathan Bertman: Declining currency and food reserves will spell the end of the al-Assad regime in Syria.
U.S. Sen. John McCain: Could it be time to intervene in Syria?
U.S. Sen. John McCain: Could it be time to intervene in Syria?: Sen. John McCain on Sunday raised the possibility of military action in Syria now that NATO's air campaign in Libya is set to end. Libyan President Bashar Assad has been accused of a brutal crackdown.
Syrian Opposition Calls4 International Protection!
washingtonpost.com
www.washingtonpost.com BEIRUT — A key Syrian opposition group on Tuesday called for international monitors ahead of a visit to Damascus by senior Arab officials probing ways to start dialogue in the country gripped by a months-long uprising against the regime. via Face
www.washingtonpost.com BEIRUT — A key Syrian opposition group on Tuesday called for international monitors ahead of a visit to Damascus by senior Arab officials probing ways to start dialogue in the country gripped by a months-long uprising against the regime. via Face
Monday, October 24, 2011
Homs Massacre of Children 23/10 حمص الوعر طفلة مصابة بقنبلة مسمارية
Homs Massacre of Children 23/10 حمص الوعر طفلة مصابة بقنبلة مسمارية: طفلة مصابة بقنبلة مسمسارية حمص الوعر طلعة راكان 23 10 2011 Syrian army and assad thugs used nail bombs on children in Homs, Syria حماه حمص حماه درعا دير الزو...
Homs Massacre of Children 23/10 ناكارةعلطرعولا23 10 2011 صمح ةيراسمسم ةلبنقب ةباصم ةلفط ةيرامسم ةلبنقب ةباصم ةلفط رعولا صمح Syrian army and assad thugs used nail bombs on children in Homs, Syria هريزجلا هيبرعلا يروسلاينطولاسلجملا هيلفاوش كيريا يسنرفلا يكريمالاريفسلا دروف تربور نتسرلا ةرصن تبس اننمي و انماشلرصنلا ةعمج ينصحلابنيز ةديهشلا ةضراعملا ةدحو ةعمج ينصحلابنيز وتانلا فلح نويلغ ناهرب ماظنلا طاقسا ىتح نوضام ةعمج وتان هوسكلا امود ايافلح ايراد خلكلت لامكوبلا لبنرفك هيملس مامالا هبيط اتيزرفك سايناب مساج هيروقلا شنب ةلوحلا نيمرسهسيبلت نتسرلا ةلبج مامالا ةبيط يلشماقبلدا هسيبلت سايناب لمرلا هيقذاللا بلح قشمد لبنرفك روزلا ريد اعرد هامح صمح هامح Robert Ford Eric Chevalier Ambassadeur Syria United States Ambassador France attak thug bashar al assad shabiha al donia sana peaceful ةيبرعلا ةلهملا ءادهش ةعمج شيجلا رارحأ ةعمج يروسلا تاعماجلا هضافتنا رحلا يروسلا نايمغلا ةورم شومرهشيجلا قاقشنا ةروثلا راوثلانيسح ديلولا نبا دلاخ دافحأ ةسيبلت نتسرلا ءاديوسلا اتسرح ةسوس رفك مدقلا ورمعباب عابس باب ةيدلاخلا ناديملا نامعنلا ةرعمروغشلا رسج امود ةلبج ساينابسوطرط ةيقذاللا ةقرلا دلبلا اعرد ادوماعبلدا ةقرلا روزلاريد ةيقداللا هامح اعرد صمح ماشلاقشمد
Homs Massacre of Children 23/10 ناكارةعلطرعولا23 10 2011 صمح ةيراسمسم ةلبنقب ةباصم ةلفط ةيرامسم ةلبنقب ةباصم ةلفط رعولا صمح Syrian army and assad thugs used nail bombs on children in Homs, Syria هريزجلا هيبرعلا يروسلاينطولاسلجملا هيلفاوش كيريا يسنرفلا يكريمالاريفسلا دروف تربور نتسرلا ةرصن تبس اننمي و انماشلرصنلا ةعمج ينصحلابنيز ةديهشلا ةضراعملا ةدحو ةعمج ينصحلابنيز وتانلا فلح نويلغ ناهرب ماظنلا طاقسا ىتح نوضام ةعمج وتان هوسكلا امود ايافلح ايراد خلكلت لامكوبلا لبنرفك هيملس مامالا هبيط اتيزرفك سايناب مساج هيروقلا شنب ةلوحلا نيمرسهسيبلت نتسرلا ةلبج مامالا ةبيط يلشماقبلدا هسيبلت سايناب لمرلا هيقذاللا بلح قشمد لبنرفك روزلا ريد اعرد هامح صمح هامح Robert Ford Eric Chevalier Ambassadeur Syria United States Ambassador France attak thug bashar al assad shabiha al donia sana peaceful ةيبرعلا ةلهملا ءادهش ةعمج شيجلا رارحأ ةعمج يروسلا تاعماجلا هضافتنا رحلا يروسلا نايمغلا ةورم شومرهشيجلا قاقشنا ةروثلا راوثلانيسح ديلولا نبا دلاخ دافحأ ةسيبلت نتسرلا ءاديوسلا اتسرح ةسوس رفك مدقلا ورمعباب عابس باب ةيدلاخلا ناديملا نامعنلا ةرعمروغشلا رسج امود ةلبج ساينابسوطرط ةيقذاللا ةقرلا دلبلا اعرد ادوماعبلدا ةقرلا روزلاريد ةيقداللا هامح اعرد صمح ماشلاقشمد
شام خربة غزالة الأمن عبر مكبرات يدعو لفك الإضراب 24 10 2011
شام خربة غزالة الأمن عبر مكبرات يدعو لفك الإضراب 24 10 2011: شام خربة غزالة قوات الأمن عبر مكبرات الصوت تدعو الicc iأهالي لفك الإضراب صباح الاثنين 24 10 2011
Mubarak critical, may be dead - RT sources — RT
Mubarak critical, may be dead - RT sources — RT: Rumors in Egypt say that the ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who was being tried for alleged ordering to kill civilians and corruption in Cairo, may have died in custody, RT’s Paula Slier reports.
Assad is next in line - Israel Opinion, Ynetnews
Assad is next in line - Israel Opinion, Ynetnews
clip from article: ccording to Judaism, we should not rejoice over our enemies’ downfall, yet it depends on the enemy: I was happy when Saddam Hussein fell, I’m happy to see Muammar Gaddafi fall, and I shall be happy when Bashar Assad falls.
clip from article: ccording to Judaism, we should not rejoice over our enemies’ downfall, yet it depends on the enemy: I was happy when Saddam Hussein fell, I’m happy to see Muammar Gaddafi fall, and I shall be happy when Bashar Assad falls.
Human Rights 4 All: MY FAVORITE SONG! ASSAD IS AN ASS! :)
Human Rights 4 All: MY FAVORITE SONG! ASSAD IS AN ASS! :): Human Rights 4 All: MY FAVORITE SONG! ASSAD IS AN ASS! :) : (1) Syrian Revolutionary Dabke - Digg [MY FAVORITE SONG! :) "ASSAD IS AN ASS" ...
thestar.com iPhone : EU urges Syria’s opposition to unite, Assad to step down
thestar.com iPhone : EU urges Syria’s opposition to unite, Assad to step down
clip from article:
The bloc also hailed Libya’s declaration of liberation, which formally ended the eight-month civil war against Moammar Gadhafi’s regime.
“The Syrian people must be able to define the future of their country without the fear of repression,” said a statement after a summit of the bloc’s 27 leaders.
Unlike Libya’s National Transitional Council, which brought together most factions fighting Gadhafi’s regime and was quickly recognized by much of the international community, Syria’s opposition still has no clear leadership. Last month, a 140-member Syrian National Council was established in an attempt to unify the fragmented opposition to Assad’s regime.
“The European Council welcomes the efforts of the political opposition to establish a united platform. The creation of the Syrian National Council is a positive step forward,” the statement said.
Still, officials have said the opposition needs more work to become an effective political force and to gain formal recognition as a legal representative of the Syrian people.
The uprising against Assad began in mid-March amid a wave of anti-government protests in the Arab world that toppled autocrats in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Assad has reacted with deadly force that the UN estimates has killed more than 3,000 people. [ read more at link ]
clip from article:
The bloc also hailed Libya’s declaration of liberation, which formally ended the eight-month civil war against Moammar Gadhafi’s regime.
“The Syrian people must be able to define the future of their country without the fear of repression,” said a statement after a summit of the bloc’s 27 leaders.
Unlike Libya’s National Transitional Council, which brought together most factions fighting Gadhafi’s regime and was quickly recognized by much of the international community, Syria’s opposition still has no clear leadership. Last month, a 140-member Syrian National Council was established in an attempt to unify the fragmented opposition to Assad’s regime.
“The European Council welcomes the efforts of the political opposition to establish a united platform. The creation of the Syrian National Council is a positive step forward,” the statement said.
Still, officials have said the opposition needs more work to become an effective political force and to gain formal recognition as a legal representative of the Syrian people.
The uprising against Assad began in mid-March amid a wave of anti-government protests in the Arab world that toppled autocrats in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Assad has reacted with deadly force that the UN estimates has killed more than 3,000 people. [ read more at link ]
We are all martyrs Horan: Almsvrh: a general strike in the town of Almsvrh 23 102 01
Human Rights 4 All: المسيفرة : إضراب عام في بلدة المسيفرة 23 10 2011
We are all martyrs Horan: Almsvrh: a general strike in the town of Almsvrh 23 102 01
We are all martyrs Horan: Almsvrh: a general strike in the town of Almsvrh 23 102 01
Sunday, October 23, 2011
Human Rights 4 All: القبض على القذافي حصري.f4v#GaddafiTheChildKiller #...
Human Rights 4 All: القبض على القذافي حصري.f4v#GaddafiTheChildKiller #...: #GaddafiTheChildKiller #Survivors #Children #NeedProstheticLimbs #PlasticSurgery #PleaseHelp
#GaddafiTheChildKiller 's End GRAPHIC #Survivors #GaddafiCrimes #NeedProstheticLimbs #PlasticSurgery #PleaseHelp!
Warning! Graphic Video ...BE AWARE that #GaddafiTheChildKiller's end was graphic, many survivors of Gaddafi Crimes, including children need prosthetic limbs and plastic surgery, please help!
BE AWARE #GaddafiTheChildKiller 's End GRAPHIC. Many survivors of #GaddafiCrimes #NeedProstheticLimbs #PlasticSurgery #PleaseHelp!
#AssadNext2Go
القبض على القذافي حصري.f4v#GaddafiTheChildKiller #Survivors #Children #NeedProstheticLimbs #PlasticSurgery #PleaseHelp
#GaddafiTheChildKiller #Survivors #Children #NeedProstheticLimbs #PlasticSurgery #PleaseHelp
Edmonton's Syrian community set for another rally - iNews880.com
Edmonton's Syrian community set for another rally - iNews880.com
A member of Edmonton's Syrian community says he's willing to risk the lives of his family in an effort to make a difference. ... [read more at link]
A member of Edmonton's Syrian community says he's willing to risk the lives of his family in an effort to make a difference. ... [read more at link]
Cham Hama shooting randomly at houses and civilians by Cbihh and security of
Cham Hama shooting randomly at houses and civilians by Cbihh and security of ...
شام حماه اطلاق رصاص عشوائي على المنازل والمدنيين من قبل الشبيحة والامن ا...
Saturday, October 22, 2011
SNN| Homs : updated list of martyrs from October 21, 2011
S.N.N | Shaam News Network's status:
SNN| Homs :
Latest updated list of martyrs from October 21, 2011
1- Mohamed Al-Deeb Abdul Razzaq Hamid | Bab Al-Sbaa
2- Hussam Maher Al-Abyad, 18 | Bab Houd
3- Abdul Razzaq Hamid Munther | Bab Al-Sbaa
4- Ihab Nasser Hamid | Bab Al-Sbaa
5- Ahmad Shahoud, 60 | Bab Al-Draib
6- Obaida Hassoun | Bab Al-Sbaa
7- Ammar Jeroud | Bab Al-Sbaa
8- Muhammad Ismael | Bab Al-Sbaa
9- Mahmoud Al-Hamwi | Bab Al-Sbaa
1...
SNN| Homs :
Latest updated list of martyrs from October 21, 2011
1- Mohamed Al-Deeb Abdul Razzaq Hamid | Bab Al-Sbaa
2- Hussam Maher Al-Abyad, 18 | Bab Houd
3- Abdul Razzaq Hamid Munther | Bab Al-Sbaa
4- Ihab Nasser Hamid | Bab Al-Sbaa
5- Ahmad Shahoud, 60 | Bab Al-Draib
6- Obaida Hassoun | Bab Al-Sbaa
7- Ammar Jeroud | Bab Al-Sbaa
8- Muhammad Ismael | Bab Al-Sbaa
9- Mahmoud Al-Hamwi | Bab Al-Sbaa
1...
#EyesOnSyria hashtag coming soon
Twitter Users for Syria's status:
OUR NEW HASHTAG IS #EyesOnSyria. PLEASE RT THIS TWEET BUT DO NOT START TWEETING THE HASHTAG FOR ANOTHER 2 HOURS.
The hashtag #EyesOnSyria is targetted at the whole world, reminding them to keep their "eyes on Syria". The hashtag can be used from many angles. It can be looked at from the angle of "assad being next" after Moammar Ghadaffi and the UN statement for Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen to step down. It can also ...
OUR NEW HASHTAG IS #EyesOnSyria. PLEASE RT THIS TWEET BUT DO NOT START TWEETING THE HASHTAG FOR ANOTHER 2 HOURS.
The hashtag #EyesOnSyria is targetted at the whole world, reminding them to keep their "eyes on Syria". The hashtag can be used from many angles. It can be looked at from the angle of "assad being next" after Moammar Ghadaffi and the UN statement for Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen to step down. It can also ...
Kadafi had a 'staggering' $200 billion stashed around the world
Kadafi had a 'staggering' $200 billion stashed around the world: Moammar Kadafi secretly salted away more than $200 billion in bank accounts, real estate and corporate investments around the world before he was killed, about $30,000 for every Libyan citizen and double the amount that Western governments previously had suspected, according to senior Libyan officials.
Friday, October 21, 2011
CENSORED NEWS: Justice 4 Naomi 2yrsOld Rally Nov2 Oklahoma Capitol
CENSORED NEWS: Justice for Naomi Rally Nov. 2 Oklahoma Capitol
clip from article:
Naomi's foster mother was found guilty in her death and only fined $5,000. This outrage has sent shockwaves across the country. Please attend and wear a white ribbon to give little Naomi a voice. For more info, contact Rosemary at: (405) 201-3143 or (405) 863-4037
[ read more at link ]
clip from article:
Naomi's foster mother was found guilty in her death and only fined $5,000. This outrage has sent shockwaves across the country. Please attend and wear a white ribbon to give little Naomi a voice. For more info, contact Rosemary at: (405) 201-3143 or (405) 863-4037
[ read more at link ]
Rights Groups Demand General Assembly Action on Syria - IPS ipsnews.net
Rights Groups Demand General Assembly Action on Syria - IPS ipsnews.net
clip from article:
UNITED NATIONS, Oct 20, 2011 (IPS) - A coalition of 29 international human rights organisations is appealing to the 193-member General Assembly to act "immediately" to help halt the unbridled violence in Syria which has claimed the lives of over 3,000 people, mostly civilians, since the political protests began last March.
The appeal, directed at the U.N.'s highest policy making body, follows the failure of the 15-member Security Council to take any action against the repressive regime of President Bashar al-Assad.
"It is incumbent upon the General Assembly to take action where the Security Council has failed to do so," says the letter addressed to members of the Assembly.
The letter cites Resolution 377A of the General Assembly, which states that "if the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security... the General Assembly shall consider the matter immediately." [ read more at link :) ]
clip from article:
UNITED NATIONS, Oct 20, 2011 (IPS) - A coalition of 29 international human rights organisations is appealing to the 193-member General Assembly to act "immediately" to help halt the unbridled violence in Syria which has claimed the lives of over 3,000 people, mostly civilians, since the political protests began last March.
The appeal, directed at the U.N.'s highest policy making body, follows the failure of the 15-member Security Council to take any action against the repressive regime of President Bashar al-Assad.
"It is incumbent upon the General Assembly to take action where the Security Council has failed to do so," says the letter addressed to members of the Assembly.
The letter cites Resolution 377A of the General Assembly, which states that "if the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security... the General Assembly shall consider the matter immediately." [ read more at link :) ]
Rubio to Syria’s Bashar al-Assad: You’re next, buddy
Rubio to Syria’s Bashar al-Assad: You’re next, buddy
clipped from article:
The death of Muammar al-Qaddafi today shows what's in store for the leadership of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's regime, which will probably be the next group of tyrants to be thrown out of office and potentially killed, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL), told The Cable.
"If you're the leaders of Syria, you're looking at today's events as a preview of what your future may hold," Rubio said in a Thursday interview.
"I believe that dictators in that region are unsustainable," he said. "The Syrian regime is doomed and it's just a matter of time, whether it's weeks, months, or even a year, their position is unsustainable. The people there want a better life. They're tired of living under this ineffective, incompetent, and repressive regime. And so, I think their days are numbered."
He called on the Obama administration to ratchet up the pressure on the Syrian government and redouble its efforts to convince other countries to do the same.
[read more at link}
clipped from article:
The death of Muammar al-Qaddafi today shows what's in store for the leadership of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's regime, which will probably be the next group of tyrants to be thrown out of office and potentially killed, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL), told The Cable.
"If you're the leaders of Syria, you're looking at today's events as a preview of what your future may hold," Rubio said in a Thursday interview.
"I believe that dictators in that region are unsustainable," he said. "The Syrian regime is doomed and it's just a matter of time, whether it's weeks, months, or even a year, their position is unsustainable. The people there want a better life. They're tired of living under this ineffective, incompetent, and repressive regime. And so, I think their days are numbered."
He called on the Obama administration to ratchet up the pressure on the Syrian government and redouble its efforts to convince other countries to do the same.
[read more at link}
Obama: Gaddafi's death a warning 2dictators iron-fisted rule 'inevitably will end"
Human Rights 4 All: Gaddafi dead: Obama warns Syrian President Bashar ...: Gaddafi dead: Obama warns Syrian President Bashar al-Assad | Mail Online clip from article: President Barack Obama hailed Muammar Gaddafi...
clipped from article:
President Barack Obama hailed Muammar Gaddafi's death yesterday as a warning to dictators across the Middle East that iron-fisted rule 'inevitably comes to an end.
[ read more at link ]
clipped from article:
President Barack Obama hailed Muammar Gaddafi's death yesterday as a warning to dictators across the Middle East that iron-fisted rule 'inevitably comes to an end.
[ read more at link ]
Gaddafi dead: Obama warns Syrian President Bashar al-Assad | Mail Online
Gaddafi dead: Obama warns Syrian President Bashar al-Assad | Mail Online
clip from article:
President Barack Obama hailed Muammar Gaddafi's death yesterday as a warning to dictators across the Middle East that iron-fisted rule 'inevitably comes to an end.
:) haha!
And God is with us!
clip from article:
President Barack Obama hailed Muammar Gaddafi's death yesterday as a warning to dictators across the Middle East that iron-fisted rule 'inevitably comes to an end.
:) haha!
And God is with us!
Gaddafi pleaded - 'Don't kill me, my sons' - timesofmalta.com
Gaddafi pleaded - 'Don't kill me, my sons' - timesofmalta.com
clip from article:
Abdel-Jalil Abdel-Aziz, a doctor who accompanied the body in the ambulance during the 120-mile drive to Misrata, said Gaddafi died from two bullet wounds - to the head and chest.
A government account of Gaddafi's death said he was captured unharmed and later was mortally wounded in the crossfire from both sides.
Amnesty International urged the revolutionary fighters to give a complete report, saying it was essential to conduct "a full, independent and impartial inquiry to establish the circumstances of Colonel Gaddafi's death".
The TV images of Gaddafi's bloodied body sent ripples across the Arab world and on social networks such as Twitter.
Many wondered whether a similar fate awaits Syria's Bashar Assad and Yemen's Ali Abdullah Saleh, two leaders clinging to power in the face of long-running Arab Spring uprisings.
For the millions of Arabs yearning for freedom, democracy and new leadership, the death of one of the region's most brutal dictators will likely inspire and invigorate the movement for change.
As word spread of Gaddafi's death, jubilant Libyans poured into Tripoli's central Martyr's Square, chanting "Syria! Syria!" - urging the Syrian opposition on to victory. [ read more at link ... good story!]
clip from article:
Abdel-Jalil Abdel-Aziz, a doctor who accompanied the body in the ambulance during the 120-mile drive to Misrata, said Gaddafi died from two bullet wounds - to the head and chest.
A government account of Gaddafi's death said he was captured unharmed and later was mortally wounded in the crossfire from both sides.
Amnesty International urged the revolutionary fighters to give a complete report, saying it was essential to conduct "a full, independent and impartial inquiry to establish the circumstances of Colonel Gaddafi's death".
The TV images of Gaddafi's bloodied body sent ripples across the Arab world and on social networks such as Twitter.
Many wondered whether a similar fate awaits Syria's Bashar Assad and Yemen's Ali Abdullah Saleh, two leaders clinging to power in the face of long-running Arab Spring uprisings.
For the millions of Arabs yearning for freedom, democracy and new leadership, the death of one of the region's most brutal dictators will likely inspire and invigorate the movement for change.
As word spread of Gaddafi's death, jubilant Libyans poured into Tripoli's central Martyr's Square, chanting "Syria! Syria!" - urging the Syrian opposition on to victory. [ read more at link ... good story!]
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Syria - Army Tanks Taunted by Protesters in Bab Al Sbaa, Homs 10-18-11
clipped from video description:
Uploaded by Syria2011archives on Oct 18, 2011
Tanks are Taunted by Pro Democracy Syria Civilians in this Video Clip from Bab A lSbaa, Homs Region, filmed on October 18, 2011
--------10-18-11----------
LCC Syria partial News update
LCC
Today number of martyrs reached 11, 5 in Homs, 5 in Herak, Daraa, and one martyr in Bokamal
Damascus Suburbs
Saqba
The Assad Security and Army forces established six checkpoints along the road between Damascus and Saqba. These six checkpoints are at the Kamal Masharqa barracks in Al-Dabagat, Ain Tarma, the Saqba and Kafarbatna entrances from the Hizza direction about 200 meters before Al-Shalati station, Kafarbatna at the high school, the intersection for Al-Fateh hospital, and at the police stations. These checkpoints have lists of the names of wanted people, and identification cards are being inspected.
Douma
A massive demonstration is taking place in Hijazyeh area despite the heavy security deployment in the city
Homs
Security forces and Shabiha are shooting heavily to disperse a massive demonstration in Khaldiyeh neighborhood
Shooting in Bab Dreeb and demonstrations in Jooret Shayyah, Khaldieh and Qusoor
Injury of several people including a woman in her fifties, from heavy shooting and BMP shells in Deir Baaloba neighborhood, and deployment of sniper between Bayada and Deir Baaloba
Qasir
Ahmad Howash Abou Jabal was martyred due to security forces' heavy gunfire in the city. The victim's brother Ammar was arrested.
Daraa
Dead and wounded among security units and Shabiha in Daraa Balad,and Al-Sad neighborhood following violent clashes took place today with soldiers defected from the regime's army
Heavy gunfire in Daraa proper and the Army has raided the Abou Bakr Mosque.
Herak
Martyrdom of young Mohammad Abdul Hameed Al-Qaddah, bringing the number of the town's martyrs today to three
Martyrdom of Om Mohammad Al-Salamat and Jamal Qaddah, number of martyrs in the village today rose to 5 and more than 90 were injured some of them are in critical condition
Daeel
Massive demonstration with the participation of more than 2,000 people took off from Al-Omary mosque chanting in support of Herak,and toppling the regime
Mosaifra
Security forces are storming Al-Mosaifra town now and shooting heavily on the evening demonstrations that came out in support of Hrak
There are many wounded by bullets of the Security forces, which stormed town. There's heavy gunfire, and Security forces are kidnapping the wounded from the streets.
Authorities cut off electricity to the town after a massive night protest and security forces raiding of it
Jasem
A massive demonstration in Jasem chanting for Hrak and Daraa
Security forces have attacked a protest and detained three protesters as of now
Security forces are shooting heavily in Al-Gharby neighborhood
Inkhil
An arrest has taken place in front of the Omari Mosque, and people are chanting in solidarity with Hirak, Daraa, and the besieged cities.
Al-Yadouda
A massive demonstration is taking place; protesters are chanting in solidarity with Daraa and Hirak.
Maleeha Sharqiyah
Security Forces fired heavily at the night protest, which was in support of Herak and Daraa
Amoda
Evening demonstration chanting for toppling the regime and in solidarity with the besieged cities
Qamishli
A night demonstration chanting for Homs and Daraa
Aleppo
Andan:
Evening demonstration chanting for toppling the regime and held accountable, and demanding the release of the detainees and knowing the fate of the kidnapped wounded by security
Hama
3,000 demonstrators in Taibet Emam are chanting now for Homs and Daraa
Security forces and the Shabbiha are attacking a nighttime demonstration in southern Malaab and conducting an arrest campaign among the protesters.
Idlib
Maaret Masrin
More than 3,000 protesters are chanting for freedom and in solidarity with Idlib.
Sermeen
Heavy gunfire by the security forces in the town
ام حمص باب سباع الثوار الاحرار يهتفون امام الدبابات
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Yemeni Nobel laureate to UN: No immunity for Saleh - AlertNet
Yemeni Nobel laureate to UN: No immunity for Saleh - AlertNet
clipped from article:
"The youth's peaceful revolution is against the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) initiative, especially because it gives immunity to Saleh and his family," Karman told reporters at a demonstration near the United Nations, where she was greeted by a cheering crowd of around 150 Yemeni supporters.
"We don't think that the Security Council will be trapped in a resolution that will give immunity to the regime," said Karman, who dedicated her Nobel prize to the Arab uprisings and to those killed in the upheavals.
While it urges implementation of the GCC deal, the draft resolution, obtained by Reuters, would have the council say it "stresses that all those responsible for violence, human rights violations and abuses should be held accountable." It did not give any details on how accountability would be achieved.
The human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch criticized the immunity deal that is central to the GCC plan as well.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's spokesman Martin Nesirky also rejected the idea of an amnesty for Yemen, saying: "It's vital that there should be no impunity." A spokesman for the U.N. human rights office in Geneva said international law prohibits amnesties for gross violations of human rights.
'CRIMINALS'
Council diplomats told Reuters that they hoped the draft resolution, which was penned by Britain in consultation with France, the United States, Russia and China, would be put to a vote and approved before the end of the week.
Russia and China, which vetoed a European-drafted resolution condemning Syria's crackdown, are not planning to block the Yemen resolution, council diplomats say.
In Yemen's capital Sanaa, at least six people were killed in the capital on Tuesday in an intensifying crackdown by security forces on protesters demanding an end to Saleh's 33 years in office, witnesses said. That brought the number of people killed to at least 34 over the last four days, along with 100 injured.
Karman read the crowd a letter she has written to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and the Security Council demanding their support for peaceful protesters in Yemen and Syria, where a government crackdown on pro-democracy protesters has killed over 3,000 civilians, according to U.N. figures.
"We're here calling on the United Nations to stand up for human rights and democracy, which are the principles it was founded upon," she said through interpreters.
[ read more at link ]
clipped from article:
"The youth's peaceful revolution is against the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) initiative, especially because it gives immunity to Saleh and his family," Karman told reporters at a demonstration near the United Nations, where she was greeted by a cheering crowd of around 150 Yemeni supporters.
"We don't think that the Security Council will be trapped in a resolution that will give immunity to the regime," said Karman, who dedicated her Nobel prize to the Arab uprisings and to those killed in the upheavals.
While it urges implementation of the GCC deal, the draft resolution, obtained by Reuters, would have the council say it "stresses that all those responsible for violence, human rights violations and abuses should be held accountable." It did not give any details on how accountability would be achieved.
The human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch criticized the immunity deal that is central to the GCC plan as well.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's spokesman Martin Nesirky also rejected the idea of an amnesty for Yemen, saying: "It's vital that there should be no impunity." A spokesman for the U.N. human rights office in Geneva said international law prohibits amnesties for gross violations of human rights.
'CRIMINALS'
Council diplomats told Reuters that they hoped the draft resolution, which was penned by Britain in consultation with France, the United States, Russia and China, would be put to a vote and approved before the end of the week.
Russia and China, which vetoed a European-drafted resolution condemning Syria's crackdown, are not planning to block the Yemen resolution, council diplomats say.
In Yemen's capital Sanaa, at least six people were killed in the capital on Tuesday in an intensifying crackdown by security forces on protesters demanding an end to Saleh's 33 years in office, witnesses said. That brought the number of people killed to at least 34 over the last four days, along with 100 injured.
Karman read the crowd a letter she has written to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and the Security Council demanding their support for peaceful protesters in Yemen and Syria, where a government crackdown on pro-democracy protesters has killed over 3,000 civilians, according to U.N. figures.
"We're here calling on the United Nations to stand up for human rights and democracy, which are the principles it was founded upon," she said through interpreters.
[ read more at link ]
Syrian forces kill 25; Assad accused of targeting Doctors | Ya Libnan | World News Live from Lebanon
Syrian forces kill 25; Assad accused of targeting Doctors | Ya Libnan | World News Live from Lebanon: Ya Libnan features frequently updated breaking news, world news, op-eds and features, live from Beirut, Lebanon
رنكوس اثنين الوفاء لدوما 17 10 يالله مالنا غيرك
رنكوس اثنين الوفاء لدوما 17 10 يالله مالنا غيرك: تم التحميل بواسطة الثورة السورية للتحرير https://www.facebook.com/mohmmdeed
Monday, October 17, 2011
ALERT! DanaGas negotiating w Assad 4 gas/oil via Dana Gas.Please Email Protest now: mail@danagas.ae.
The Syrian Days Of Rage - English's status:
ACTION ALERT: Dana Gas, which is based out of the Shariqa in the UAE is now negotiating with the Bashar regime to circumvent the sanctions, by agreeing to produce and sell Syria's gas/oil through Dana Gas. We must email them & tell them it is unacceptable. Email is mail@danagas.ae. Please do this NOW!
ACTION ALERT!DanaGas,Shariqa UAE negotiating w Assad 2produce&sell Syria gas/oil via Dana Gas.Please Email Protest now: mail@danagas.ae.
Reply with your comment or "like".
ACTION ALERT: Dana Gas, which is based out of the Shariqa in the UAE is now negotiating with the Bashar regime to circumvent the sanctions, by agreeing to produce and sell Syria's gas/oil through Dana Gas. We must email them & tell them it is unacceptable. Email is mail@danagas.ae. Please do this NOW!
ACTION ALERT!DanaGas,Shariqa UAE negotiating w Assad 2produce&sell Syria gas/oil via Dana Gas.Please Email Protest now: mail@danagas.ae.
Reply with your comment or "like".
Stop the killings, UN chief tells Syria's Assad
Stop the killings, UN chief tells Syria's Assad
When is Assad going to be issued an arrest warrant for crimes against humanity as defined by International Criminal Court, Rome Statute Articles 6,7,8 Systematic Murder Torture and Rape? World leaders need to uphold international law!It's time someone in the world stood up to this wickedness! Child-killing!? Really?? It doesn't get any more wicked or evil than torturing children to death, while entire world watches! Russia & China are okay with torturing children to death, as they demonstrate their lack of morals and ethics to the entire world! This is more wickedness than hell will ever be. There is no child killing in hell! I am totally disgusted! #Shame2Russia #Shame2China #AssadTheChildKiller The lack of ethics concerning protecting little children makes me sick! Please join me on twitter to help support #FreeSyria @TurtleWoman777 and may God bless us all. Complete sicko like Hitler killing daily & the Bystander Effect among world leaders is equally appalling!
When is Assad going to be issued an arrest warrant for crimes against humanity as defined by International Criminal Court, Rome Statute Articles 6,7,8 Systematic Murder Torture and Rape? World leaders need to uphold international law!It's time someone in the world stood up to this wickedness! Child-killing!? Really?? It doesn't get any more wicked or evil than torturing children to death, while entire world watches! Russia & China are okay with torturing children to death, as they demonstrate their lack of morals and ethics to the entire world! This is more wickedness than hell will ever be. There is no child killing in hell! I am totally disgusted! #Shame2Russia #Shame2China #AssadTheChildKiller The lack of ethics concerning protecting little children makes me sick! Please join me on twitter to help support #FreeSyria @TurtleWoman777 and may God bless us all. Complete sicko like Hitler killing daily & the Bystander Effect among world leaders is equally appalling!
Stop the killings, UN chief tells Syria’s Assad | MyPress.SE - Universal News Agency - Events and Governmental
Stop the killings, UN chief tells Syria’s Assad | MyPress.SE - Universal News Agency - Events and Governmental
clipped from article:
DAMASCUS: UN chief Ban Ki-moon on Monday urged President Bashar al-Assad to immediately stop the killings of civilians, a day after the Arab League called for “national dialogue” to end violence sweeping Syria.
clipped from article:
DAMASCUS: UN chief Ban Ki-moon on Monday urged President Bashar al-Assad to immediately stop the killings of civilians, a day after the Arab League called for “national dialogue” to end violence sweeping Syria.
Saturday, October 15, 2011
Understanding the Anomalously Sensitive Person
The HISS of the ASP :: Book Excerpts :: Chapter 1
Understanding the Anomalously Sensitive Person
Book Excerpts
Chapter 1
The HISS of the ASP :: Book Excerpts :: Chapter 1
clip from article:
Knowledgeable I was, because, in my role as a clinical hypnotherapist, many clients had shared with me their experiences of such things as Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP), PsychoKinesis (PK), past-life recall, apparitions, spirit possession and alien contact. "Weird" and "paranormal," however, were not terms that I used, in that they seemed unnecessarily pejorative. Moreover, I did not apply traditional psychiatric diagnoses to people who had such experiences because I felt that those experiences were not well enough understood to be definitively characterized as evidentiary of psychopathology.
Understanding the Anomalously Sensitive Person
Book Excerpts
Chapter 1
The HISS of the ASP :: Book Excerpts :: Chapter 1
clip from article:
Knowledgeable I was, because, in my role as a clinical hypnotherapist, many clients had shared with me their experiences of such things as Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP), PsychoKinesis (PK), past-life recall, apparitions, spirit possession and alien contact. "Weird" and "paranormal," however, were not terms that I used, in that they seemed unnecessarily pejorative. Moreover, I did not apply traditional psychiatric diagnoses to people who had such experiences because I felt that those experiences were not well enough understood to be definitively characterized as evidentiary of psychopathology.
Iranian students barred for beliefs, say campaigners - CNN.com
Iranian students barred for beliefs, say campaigners - CNN.com
clip from article:
The problem was not his academic record, but his political background, according to human rights groups, which note that Mahmudian had previously been jailed for being editor of a student magazine that was critical of the government.
Mahmudian, now 25, believes he is one of hundreds of so-called "starred students," whom campaigners claim are denied access to university or expelled because of their religious or political beliefs.
A report called "Punishing Stars" by the non-governmental organization International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran names 217 students who it says have been deprived of education because of their religion or political activism in the last five years. It says the real number is much higher as many did not want to be named.
clip from article:
The problem was not his academic record, but his political background, according to human rights groups, which note that Mahmudian had previously been jailed for being editor of a student magazine that was critical of the government.
Mahmudian, now 25, believes he is one of hundreds of so-called "starred students," whom campaigners claim are denied access to university or expelled because of their religious or political beliefs.
A report called "Punishing Stars" by the non-governmental organization International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran names 217 students who it says have been deprived of education because of their religion or political activism in the last five years. It says the real number is much higher as many did not want to be named.
View My Email: Please HELP Support Syria NOW!! #3000TooMany #Attention #WorldCitizens #OWS
I try to post as much Syria News on as many websites as I can, but I am receiving much more urgent news than I am able to share, especially with my school work, I can only post a fraction of Syria News. Syria news should be available on every website worldwide, and it is extremely important that Syria News pours in (literally) 24/7. Please Subscribe to YouTube Videos that support Syria and share updates.
I have subscribed to many (perhaps too many) but pick a couple you like & share updates. Syria Freedom Fighter's Voice Must be Broadcast Worldwide, 24/7 ... I cannot share news 24/7, but the World Can!
Please please help! Thank you SO MUCH!
And May God Bless you Abundantly!
Many videos now have English translation. These videos can be stressful to watch, so if you can't finish watching, click "like" and then "pause", and then "share" if you can't watch the whole thing.
THERE IS NO REASON THIS BRUTALITY AND DISREGARD FOR HUMAN LIFE SHOULD BE TOLERATED BY #WorldCitizens ! WE ARE ALL ACCOUNTABLE TO TAKE ACTION! PLEASE HELP!
I always feel bad to check email because no matter time I check it, the updates for the hour look like this:
... and Most Syria News is URGENT and REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ACTION! ..even if the only action is you or I sharing the link!
Please help support Freedom Fighters for Syria and the World.
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Rainbow Thunder Bear! Check out "Protection & Immunity From Nuclear Radiation, Solar Flares & Chemtrails" on ... - 2012 A New Dawn for Earth... A New Beginning for Mankind! Rainbow Thund… Rainbow Thunder Bear … 11:02 am
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I have subscribed to many (perhaps too many) but pick a couple you like & share updates. Syria Freedom Fighter's Voice Must be Broadcast Worldwide, 24/7 ... I cannot share news 24/7, but the World Can!
Please please help! Thank you SO MUCH!
And May God Bless you Abundantly!
Many videos now have English translation. These videos can be stressful to watch, so if you can't finish watching, click "like" and then "pause", and then "share" if you can't watch the whole thing.
THERE IS NO REASON THIS BRUTALITY AND DISREGARD FOR HUMAN LIFE SHOULD BE TOLERATED BY #WorldCitizens ! WE ARE ALL ACCOUNTABLE TO TAKE ACTION! PLEASE HELP!
I always feel bad to check email because no matter time I check it, the updates for the hour look like this:
... and Most Syria News is URGENT and REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ACTION! ..even if the only action is you or I sharing the link!
Please help support Freedom Fighters for Syria and the World.
SHAMSNN just uploaded a video - YouTube Help Center | Change Email Preferences SHAMSNN just uploaded a video: شام دمشق … 11:54 am
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Friday, October 14, 2011
Thursday, October 13, 2011
#Syrian Days Of Rage - 19 people killed in Syria, activists say
The Syrian Days Of Rage - English's status:
At least 19 people have been killed in continuing unrest across Syria, activists have said.
Reply with your comment or "like".
At least 19 people have been killed in continuing unrest across Syria, activists have said.
Reply with your comment or "like".
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
MY FAVORITE SONG! ASSAD IS AN ASS! :)
Human Rights 4 All: MY FAVORITE SONG! ASSAD IS AN ASS! :): (1) Syrian Revolutionary Dabke - Digg [MY FAVORITE SONG! :) "ASSAD IS AN ASS" ] Syrian Revolutionary Dabke Response from the streets of ...
Play it again Sam!
Play it again Sam!
President Obama: "I will not take no for an answer"
Barack Obama | This fight goes on
President Obama: "I will not take no for an answer
his fight goes on
Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would put Americans back to work right now.
This fight goes on Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would put Americans back to work right now. But President Obama isn't taking no for an answer from Congress on jobs. Watch a video message from him, laying out what's next in this fight—then pass it along to anyone you think should see it and ask them to stand with the President.
Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would start putting Americans back to work right away. President Obama isn't taking no for an answer from Congress on jobs, and he's asking all of us to stand with him.
Watch his message, and say you'll stand with the President as we continue fighting for jobs:
http://my.barackobama.com/president-on-jobs-inv
Thanks.
[This message has been clipped from article where the video can be viewed.]
President Obama: "I will not take no for an answer
his fight goes on
Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would put Americans back to work right now.
This fight goes on Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would put Americans back to work right now. But President Obama isn't taking no for an answer from Congress on jobs. Watch a video message from him, laying out what's next in this fight—then pass it along to anyone you think should see it and ask them to stand with the President.
Senate Republicans have blocked a critical jobs bill that would start putting Americans back to work right away. President Obama isn't taking no for an answer from Congress on jobs, and he's asking all of us to stand with him.
Watch his message, and say you'll stand with the President as we continue fighting for jobs:
http://my.barackobama.com/president-on-jobs-inv
Thanks.
[This message has been clipped from article where the video can be viewed.]
Syrian Refugees In Turkey Call For International Help : NPR
Syrian Refugees In Turkey Call For International Help : NPR
clip from article:
Turkey, which has tightly restricted media access to the camps, says there are 1,300 people at Altinozu, with more than 6,000 others in six additional camps scattered around the countryside.
Anger At Inaction
All the Syrians who spoke for this story used partial or false names to protect against possible retaliation. Refugee Abdel Razzaq says he lost four family members when the Syrian army attacked his town, Jisr al-Shughour. When asked what Syrians need now, he said international help.
"God willing there will be protection. We need help from the foreigners, from the Arabs, we need a no-fly zone because the regime is using its planes and helicopters to destroy us. Where is the help?" he says. [ read more at link ]
clip from article:
Turkey, which has tightly restricted media access to the camps, says there are 1,300 people at Altinozu, with more than 6,000 others in six additional camps scattered around the countryside.
Anger At Inaction
All the Syrians who spoke for this story used partial or false names to protect against possible retaliation. Refugee Abdel Razzaq says he lost four family members when the Syrian army attacked his town, Jisr al-Shughour. When asked what Syrians need now, he said international help.
"God willing there will be protection. We need help from the foreigners, from the Arabs, we need a no-fly zone because the regime is using its planes and helicopters to destroy us. Where is the help?" he says. [ read more at link ]
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
NTC recognises Syrian national council - Africa | IOL News | IOL.co.za
NTC recognises Syrian national council - Africa | IOL News | IOL.co.za
clip from article:
Tripoli - Libya's ruling National Transitional Council said on Monday that it recognises the Syrian National Council grouping of opponents of President Bashar al-Assad as the country's government.
“The National Transitional Council has decided after a meeting today to recognise the Syrian National Council as the sole legitimate government in Syria,” NTC member Mussa al-Koni told a news conference in Tripoli.
Koni, who represents Libya's Tuareg minority in the NTC, said the council has “also decided to close the Syrian embassy in Libya.”
The decision makes Libya the first country to recognise the SNC as Syria's legitimate government, although the former is still only run by an interim council and still battling pockets of loyalists to the ousted Muammar Gaddafi.
Dissidents officially declared the formation of the Syrian National Council in Turkey on October 2, saying they had established a “historic” united front against Assad that brings in groups from across the political spectrum.
“The Syrian National Council reunites the forces of the opposition and the peaceful revolution,” Paris-based academic Burhan Ghalioun told reporters in Istanbul, announcing the new umbrella movement which he called “historic.”
He said the SNC aims to “mobilise all categories of people in Syria and give the necessary support for the revolution to progress and realise the aspirations of our people for the overthrow of the regime, its symbols and its head.”
[ read more at link ]
clip from article:
Tripoli - Libya's ruling National Transitional Council said on Monday that it recognises the Syrian National Council grouping of opponents of President Bashar al-Assad as the country's government.
“The National Transitional Council has decided after a meeting today to recognise the Syrian National Council as the sole legitimate government in Syria,” NTC member Mussa al-Koni told a news conference in Tripoli.
Koni, who represents Libya's Tuareg minority in the NTC, said the council has “also decided to close the Syrian embassy in Libya.”
The decision makes Libya the first country to recognise the SNC as Syria's legitimate government, although the former is still only run by an interim council and still battling pockets of loyalists to the ousted Muammar Gaddafi.
Dissidents officially declared the formation of the Syrian National Council in Turkey on October 2, saying they had established a “historic” united front against Assad that brings in groups from across the political spectrum.
“The Syrian National Council reunites the forces of the opposition and the peaceful revolution,” Paris-based academic Burhan Ghalioun told reporters in Istanbul, announcing the new umbrella movement which he called “historic.”
He said the SNC aims to “mobilise all categories of people in Syria and give the necessary support for the revolution to progress and realise the aspirations of our people for the overthrow of the regime, its symbols and its head.”
[ read more at link ]
Assad's security forces starting to crumble analysts warned regime its economic success assert its legitimacy
Human Rights 4 All: Syria: New Economic Downturn Could Make or Break t...: Syria: New Economic Downturn Could Make or Break the Assad regime - International Business Times clip from article: Assad's security forc..
The cohesive block made up of Assad's own clan and the state security forces may be slowly starting to crumble as analysts in the region have warned the regime has relied on its economic success to assert its legitimacy..
The cohesive block made up of Assad's own clan and the state security forces may be slowly starting to crumble as analysts in the region have warned the regime has relied on its economic success to assert its legitimacy..
Syria: New Economic Downturn Could Make or Break the Assad regime - International Business Times
Syria: New Economic Downturn Could Make or Break the Assad regime - International Business Times
clip from article:
Assad's security forces starting to crumble analysts warned regime its economic success assert its legitimacy
[ read more at link ]
clip from article:
Assad's security forces starting to crumble analysts warned regime its economic success assert its legitimacy
[ read more at link ]
Monday, October 10, 2011
S.N.N #Homs #Critical Al-Bayyadah #bombing #gunfire n Bab Sbaa military jets n Homs like war
S.N.N | Shaam News Network's status:
S.N.N | Homs: the situation in the city is critical. Al-Bayyadah is under bombing , gunfire in Bab Sbaa , and military jets flying in the sky of Homs ....It is like war.
Reply with your comment or "like".
S.N.N | Homs: the situation in the city is critical. Al-Bayyadah is under bombing , gunfire in Bab Sbaa , and military jets flying in the sky of Homs ....It is like war.
Reply with your comment or "like".
Opposition group: 31 die in clashes across Syria - CNN.com
Opposition group: 31 die in clashes across Syria - CNN.com: At least 31 people were killed during clashes in numerous Syrian cities Sunday, an opposition activist group said Monday.
`Assad will suffer the fate of other criminals`
`Assad will suffer the fate of other criminals`
clipped from article: Beirut: Syrian President Bashar al-Assad will suffer the fate of other criminals when his regime falls, the interim leader of the opposition Syrian National Council said in an interview.
"If Assad falls without accepting his mistakes, his fate will be the same as those of any other criminal," Burhan Ghalioun told private Lebanese television network LBCI from the French capital yesterday.
"Today he is a criminal. He is the principal person responsible for the orders to kill and arrest tens of thousands of Syrians," Ghalioun, who moved to Paris in 1978 and teaches sociology in a Paris university, added. "How can he escape punishment?"
[read more at link]
clipped from article: Beirut: Syrian President Bashar al-Assad will suffer the fate of other criminals when his regime falls, the interim leader of the opposition Syrian National Council said in an interview.
"If Assad falls without accepting his mistakes, his fate will be the same as those of any other criminal," Burhan Ghalioun told private Lebanese television network LBCI from the French capital yesterday.
"Today he is a criminal. He is the principal person responsible for the orders to kill and arrest tens of thousands of Syrians," Ghalioun, who moved to Paris in 1978 and teaches sociology in a Paris university, added. "How can he escape punishment?"
[read more at link]
President Assad of Syria Is Threatened by Faltering Economy - NYTimes.com
President Assad of Syria Is Threatened by Faltering Economy - NYTimes.com
cliip from article: BEIRUT, Lebanon — The Syrian economy is buckling under the pressure of sanctions by the West and a continuing popular uprising, posing a growing challenge to President Bashar al-Assad’s government as the pain is felt deeply by nearly every layer of Syrian society. [ read more at link ]
cliip from article: BEIRUT, Lebanon — The Syrian economy is buckling under the pressure of sanctions by the West and a continuing popular uprising, posing a growing challenge to President Bashar al-Assad’s government as the pain is felt deeply by nearly every layer of Syrian society. [ read more at link ]
Enabling President Assad of Syria - NYTimes.com
Enabling President Assad of Syria - NYTimes.com
article clipped:
There is a lot of shame to go around after the United Nations Security Council failed last week to pass a resolution condemning Syria’s brutal crackdown. Russia, which used its veto, clearly values its arms sales and other trade with Damascus over the lives of the more than 2,900 Syrians killed during pro-democracy protests. China, which followed Russia, clearly fears any popular movement.
Brazil, India and South Africa should also be chastised for abstaining. As democracies, they should be leading efforts to denounce President Bashar al-Assad’s brutality, not enabling it.
For months, Europeans tried to cajole Russia into supporting a United Nations resolution that would impose sanctions on the Assad regime. Even after the language was watered down, Moscow still refused to go along.
It claimed — speciously — that it feared the United States and Europe would use the resolution to take military action against Mr. Assad just as they had against Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi of Libya. India, Brazil, China and South Africa made similar claims. But the Syria resolution contained only a weak reference to possible sanctions and made clear any further steps would be nonmilitary.
Despite the disgraceful outcome, the United States and Europe were right to push for a vote. It left no doubt which countries stand with Syria’s courageous opposition and which stand with the ruthless autocrat. After the vote, Russia called on Mr. Assad to either change his ways or leave office. Mr. Assad, who was undoubtedly celebrating Moscow’s veto, paid no attention.
With the Security Council paralyzed, Europe and the United States must keep stepping up the pressure, robustly enforce their own sanctions — including a European embargo on oil imports from Syria — and adding to the list. The European Union took another welcome step on Monday by agreeing to bar all transactions with the Syrian Central Bank and freeze its assets.
Turkey, which gave Mr. Assad the benefit of the doubt for too long, also has to bear down. Turkish officials say they have halted arms shipments to Syria. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has promised his government’s own “package of sanctions.” He needs to act now and impose whatever targeted sanctions will have the biggest impact on the regime. Mr. Assad must not be allowed to think the failed United Nations vote was the last word.
article clipped:
There is a lot of shame to go around after the United Nations Security Council failed last week to pass a resolution condemning Syria’s brutal crackdown. Russia, which used its veto, clearly values its arms sales and other trade with Damascus over the lives of the more than 2,900 Syrians killed during pro-democracy protests. China, which followed Russia, clearly fears any popular movement.
Brazil, India and South Africa should also be chastised for abstaining. As democracies, they should be leading efforts to denounce President Bashar al-Assad’s brutality, not enabling it.
For months, Europeans tried to cajole Russia into supporting a United Nations resolution that would impose sanctions on the Assad regime. Even after the language was watered down, Moscow still refused to go along.
It claimed — speciously — that it feared the United States and Europe would use the resolution to take military action against Mr. Assad just as they had against Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi of Libya. India, Brazil, China and South Africa made similar claims. But the Syria resolution contained only a weak reference to possible sanctions and made clear any further steps would be nonmilitary.
Despite the disgraceful outcome, the United States and Europe were right to push for a vote. It left no doubt which countries stand with Syria’s courageous opposition and which stand with the ruthless autocrat. After the vote, Russia called on Mr. Assad to either change his ways or leave office. Mr. Assad, who was undoubtedly celebrating Moscow’s veto, paid no attention.
With the Security Council paralyzed, Europe and the United States must keep stepping up the pressure, robustly enforce their own sanctions — including a European embargo on oil imports from Syria — and adding to the list. The European Union took another welcome step on Monday by agreeing to bar all transactions with the Syrian Central Bank and freeze its assets.
Turkey, which gave Mr. Assad the benefit of the doubt for too long, also has to bear down. Turkish officials say they have halted arms shipments to Syria. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has promised his government’s own “package of sanctions.” He needs to act now and impose whatever targeted sanctions will have the biggest impact on the regime. Mr. Assad must not be allowed to think the failed United Nations vote was the last word.
Australia stands with Syrians fighting for freedom
Australia stands with Syrians fighting for freedom
clipped from article: ussia and China's UN veto must not ease international pressure on Syria's regime.
BELIEVE it - the human cry for freedom and democracy is universal. In Tunisia, what began as one man's protest, so desperate he set himself on fire, became a symbol of the yearning for democracy across the region.
Since then, we have been moved by the courage of the citizens who sought what is naturally theirs - in Tunisia, in Egypt, in Libya - and, right now, in Syria.
Since March, the Syrian people have protested for their basic democratic rights. The al-Assad regime's response has been brutal. An estimated 2700 people now lie dead. Still more have been harmed, imprisoned and tortured. The world was rightly sickened by this. But the al-Assad regime has shown neither remorse nor any will to change course. Indeed, the violence is escalating.
Advertisement: Story continues below
Australia has consistently called for an end to the violence in Syria, for meaningful political change, and for international pressure on Syria to this end. That is why Australia deeply regrets the obstruction of UN Security Council action against Syria.
Read more: http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/australia-stands-with-syrians-fighting-for-freedom-20111010-1lhgh.html#ixzz1aQgRRMdO
[ read more at link ]
clipped from article: ussia and China's UN veto must not ease international pressure on Syria's regime.
BELIEVE it - the human cry for freedom and democracy is universal. In Tunisia, what began as one man's protest, so desperate he set himself on fire, became a symbol of the yearning for democracy across the region.
Since then, we have been moved by the courage of the citizens who sought what is naturally theirs - in Tunisia, in Egypt, in Libya - and, right now, in Syria.
Since March, the Syrian people have protested for their basic democratic rights. The al-Assad regime's response has been brutal. An estimated 2700 people now lie dead. Still more have been harmed, imprisoned and tortured. The world was rightly sickened by this. But the al-Assad regime has shown neither remorse nor any will to change course. Indeed, the violence is escalating.
Advertisement: Story continues below
Australia has consistently called for an end to the violence in Syria, for meaningful political change, and for international pressure on Syria to this end. That is why Australia deeply regrets the obstruction of UN Security Council action against Syria.
Read more: http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/australia-stands-with-syrians-fighting-for-freedom-20111010-1lhgh.html#ixzz1aQgRRMdO
[ read more at link ]
Assad Liquidating Overseas Property to Avoid Confiscation | Yalla Finance
Assad Liquidating Overseas Property to Avoid Confiscation | Yalla Finance
clip from article:
It has been reported that Syria’s Assad family has been liquidating their multimillion pound property empire, including flats and houses in London.
The properties include a 10 million pound town house in Mayfair bought by Rifaat al-Assad, the so-called ‘Butcher of Hama’, who is accused of leading a massacre of up to 40,000 people 30 years ago.
The sell-off suggests the Assads are liquidating their assets in the chance the regime is forced from power in Syria. London property belonging to toppled dictators Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia, were seized soon after they fell.
Rifaat, Bashar al-Assad’s uncle has sold off his huge property portfolio in the United States, London, Spain and France. His nephew, Bashar al-Assad, is currently leading a ruthless and bloody campaign against pro-democracy campaigners. The UN human rights office, on Thursday, raised the tally of people killed during seven months of unrest to more than 2,900.
clip from article:
It has been reported that Syria’s Assad family has been liquidating their multimillion pound property empire, including flats and houses in London.
The properties include a 10 million pound town house in Mayfair bought by Rifaat al-Assad, the so-called ‘Butcher of Hama’, who is accused of leading a massacre of up to 40,000 people 30 years ago.
The sell-off suggests the Assads are liquidating their assets in the chance the regime is forced from power in Syria. London property belonging to toppled dictators Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia, were seized soon after they fell.
Rifaat, Bashar al-Assad’s uncle has sold off his huge property portfolio in the United States, London, Spain and France. His nephew, Bashar al-Assad, is currently leading a ruthless and bloody campaign against pro-democracy campaigners. The UN human rights office, on Thursday, raised the tally of people killed during seven months of unrest to more than 2,900.
Sunday, October 9, 2011
The Compassionate Instinct | Greater Good
The Compassionate Instinct | Greater Good
clipped from article:
A more compassionate world
Human communities are only as healthy as our conceptions of human nature. It has long been assumed that selfishness, greed, and competitiveness lie at the core of human behavior, the products of our evolution. It takes little imagination to see how these assumptions have guided most realms of human affairs, from policy making to media portrayals of social life.
But clearly, recent scientific findings forcefully challenge this view of human nature. We see that compassion is deeply rooted in our brains, our bodies, and in the most basic ways we communicate. What’s more, a sense of compassion fosters compassionate behavior and helps shape the lessons we teach our children.
Of course, simply realizing this is not enough; we must also make room for our compassionate impulses to flourish. In Greater Good magazine, we feature articles that can help us do just that. Our contributors provide ample evidence to show what we can gain from more compassionate marriages, schools, hospitals, workplaces, and other institutions. They do more than make us reconsider our assumptions about human nature. They offer a blueprint for a more compassionate world. [ read more at link ]
clipped from article:
A more compassionate world
Human communities are only as healthy as our conceptions of human nature. It has long been assumed that selfishness, greed, and competitiveness lie at the core of human behavior, the products of our evolution. It takes little imagination to see how these assumptions have guided most realms of human affairs, from policy making to media portrayals of social life.
But clearly, recent scientific findings forcefully challenge this view of human nature. We see that compassion is deeply rooted in our brains, our bodies, and in the most basic ways we communicate. What’s more, a sense of compassion fosters compassionate behavior and helps shape the lessons we teach our children.
Of course, simply realizing this is not enough; we must also make room for our compassionate impulses to flourish. In Greater Good magazine, we feature articles that can help us do just that. Our contributors provide ample evidence to show what we can gain from more compassionate marriages, schools, hospitals, workplaces, and other institutions. They do more than make us reconsider our assumptions about human nature. They offer a blueprint for a more compassionate world. [ read more at link ]
Rastan | Homs | The Free Syrian Army Protects the People
Rastan | Homs | The Free Syrian Army Protects the People: https://www.facebook.com/SyrianDaysOfRage https://twitter.com/#!/SyriaDayofRage Syrian victims are screaming for your help. Will you answer?
Rastan | Homs | The Free Syrian Army Protects the People http://bit.ly/rq4Emy #AssadMustBeProsecuted #CrimesAgainstHumanity #Systematic #ICC
Rastan | Homs | The Free Syrian Army Protects the People http://bit.ly/rq4Emy #AssadMustBeProsecuted #CrimesAgainstHumanity #Systematic #ICC
Al-Qusoor | Homs | We Are With You Until Death
(10-09-11) Al-Qusoor | Homs | We Are With You Until Death: https://www.facebook.com/SyrianDaysOfRage https://twitter.com/#!/SyriaDayofRage Syrian victims are screaming for your help. Will you answer? In candles: We a...
CONTEMPORARY VIEWPOINTS ON TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Caplan03.pdf (application/pdf Object)
clipped from article:
14. Laura Boggio Gilot (Italy)
Born as a general field of inquiry on the farther reaches of human nature,
transpersonal psychology is now developing as an integral psychology addressing
psychopathological, existential, and spiritual issues in a developmental framework.
The most influential research refers to consciousness transformation
through applied spirituality. This requires a deep involvement in a meditative
path, which acts as a Platonic metanoia, leading to an expanded view of mind,
the self and life.
Central among meditative methods is the practice of awareness, which pushes
perception into the unconscious structures, revealing the deep mental functioning
and processes connected to the perception of reality and to individual choices. The
meditative experience, combined with psychotherapy, allows a wider vision of
mental suffering, revealing the role of egoism and non-ethical attitudes, not only in
ordinary psychopathology but also in spiritual suffering, expressed in the lack of
awareness, creativity and love, and in the prevalence of fear, solitude and
destructiveness.
Aiming to contribute to healing the pervasive disease affecting the life of the planet,
from the more advanced lines of transpersonal psychology are growing people of
wisdom and maturity, capable of acting with altruistic purposes, not only to relieve
suffering, but also to awaken consciousness to the universal meanings of life, which
can only lead to lasting peace and unity.
clipped from article:
14. Laura Boggio Gilot (Italy)
Born as a general field of inquiry on the farther reaches of human nature,
transpersonal psychology is now developing as an integral psychology addressing
psychopathological, existential, and spiritual issues in a developmental framework.
The most influential research refers to consciousness transformation
through applied spirituality. This requires a deep involvement in a meditative
path, which acts as a Platonic metanoia, leading to an expanded view of mind,
the self and life.
Central among meditative methods is the practice of awareness, which pushes
perception into the unconscious structures, revealing the deep mental functioning
and processes connected to the perception of reality and to individual choices. The
meditative experience, combined with psychotherapy, allows a wider vision of
mental suffering, revealing the role of egoism and non-ethical attitudes, not only in
ordinary psychopathology but also in spiritual suffering, expressed in the lack of
awareness, creativity and love, and in the prevalence of fear, solitude and
destructiveness.
Aiming to contribute to healing the pervasive disease affecting the life of the planet,
from the more advanced lines of transpersonal psychology are growing people of
wisdom and maturity, capable of acting with altruistic purposes, not only to relieve
suffering, but also to awaken consciousness to the universal meanings of life, which
can only lead to lasting peace and unity.
Syrian and British women protesting against Bashar Al Assad in London
clipped from video description:
Uploaded by Thepeopleofsyria on Oct 9, 2011
This protest was held today in Trafalgar square today on 9/10/201.
This protest was for the women of Syria suffering at the hands of this horrid regime, women being raped, killed and tortured
Evolution of Consciousness in Responses to Terrorist Attacks: Towards a Transpersonal Theory of Cultural Transformation
7ConsciousnessinAttacks.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Evolution of Consciousness in Responses to
Terrorist Attacks:
Towards a Transpersonal Theory of
Cultural Transformation
7ConsciousnessinAttacks.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Clip from article:
By relinquishing the tactics of revenge and attuning our attention to this shift in cultural
consciousness, we have opportunities to perpetuate and further the emergent evolution of
consciousness (Aurobindo, 1914-1919/1996). Contrary to the view of cultural evolution based on the
inevitability of opposition (Koenigsberg, 1989; Kriesberg, 1998) and the primacy of economic or
intellectual factors (Cushman, 1995; Girard, 1996; Schellenberg, 1996), the theory of emergent
evolution allows for the manifestation of completely new forms in cultural consciousness. It
accommodates the possibility of integrated and undivided human beings. It also allows for the
possibility of a world where cultures do not automatically develop oppositions, social groups do not
marginalize each other, and violence does not usurp the essential values of the world religions.
[ read more at link ]
Evolution of Consciousness in Responses to
Terrorist Attacks:
Towards a Transpersonal Theory of
Cultural Transformation
7ConsciousnessinAttacks.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Clip from article:
By relinquishing the tactics of revenge and attuning our attention to this shift in cultural
consciousness, we have opportunities to perpetuate and further the emergent evolution of
consciousness (Aurobindo, 1914-1919/1996). Contrary to the view of cultural evolution based on the
inevitability of opposition (Koenigsberg, 1989; Kriesberg, 1998) and the primacy of economic or
intellectual factors (Cushman, 1995; Girard, 1996; Schellenberg, 1996), the theory of emergent
evolution allows for the manifestation of completely new forms in cultural consciousness. It
accommodates the possibility of integrated and undivided human beings. It also allows for the
possibility of a world where cultures do not automatically develop oppositions, social groups do not
marginalize each other, and violence does not usurp the essential values of the world religions.
[ read more at link ]
Syria opposition says aims 4 Peaceful removal of Assad
Syria opposition says aims \: Ghalioun said the opposition's goal was the peaceful removal of the Assad government and that the international community had to do more to help this come about.
yria opposition says aims \www.worldbulletin.net Ghalioun said the opposition's goal was the peaceful removal of the Assad government and that the international community had to do more to help this come about. via Facebook for Android
yria opposition says aims \www.worldbulletin.net Ghalioun said the opposition's goal was the peaceful removal of the Assad government and that the international community had to do more to help this come about. via Facebook for Android
Saturday, October 8, 2011
Russia offers its own ultimatum to SyriaMedia Center | Deutsche Welle
Media Center | Deutsche Welle
CLIP FROM LINK:
Russia offers its own ultimatum to Syria | Video | Media Center ...
mediacenter.dw-world.de/english/video/#!/283265/Russia...its...
Journal
Russia may be changing its tune on Syria. After his country joined China in blocking a UN sanctions resolution against the Assad regime, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev has said that Assad must institute reforms or step aside.
CLIP FROM LINK:
Russia offers its own ultimatum to Syria | Video | Media Center ...
mediacenter.dw-world.de/english/video/#!/283265/Russia...its...
Journal
Russia may be changing its tune on Syria. After his country joined China in blocking a UN sanctions resolution against the Assad regime, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev has said that Assad must institute reforms or step aside.
Secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response to the on-going genocide by the Syrian regime. | The White House
Secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response to the on-going genocide by the Syrian regime. | The White House
clipped from article:
we petition the obama administration to:
Secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response to the on-going genocide by the Syrian regime.
The violent response of the Syrian regime to the legitimate demands of the peaceful demonstrators continues to grow in ferocity leading to 3750 confirmed deaths and 27000 arrests. Divisions of the Syrian army were deployed into different cities across Syria, wreaking havoc on the population with indiscriminate shelling of towns, arbitrary detention, torture and killing of innocent civilians, sowing of terror across entire communities and destruction of private and public property.
The Syrian American community fully supports the Syrian people's struggle for freedom and their request for help in lobbying the US administration to secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response entailing logistical support for the Free Syrian Army and the establishment of No-Fly Zone.
clipped from article:
we petition the obama administration to:
Secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response to the on-going genocide by the Syrian regime.
The violent response of the Syrian regime to the legitimate demands of the peaceful demonstrators continues to grow in ferocity leading to 3750 confirmed deaths and 27000 arrests. Divisions of the Syrian army were deployed into different cities across Syria, wreaking havoc on the population with indiscriminate shelling of towns, arbitrary detention, torture and killing of innocent civilians, sowing of terror across entire communities and destruction of private and public property.
The Syrian American community fully supports the Syrian people's struggle for freedom and their request for help in lobbying the US administration to secure a UN Security Council resolution with limited Chapter 7 response entailing logistical support for the Free Syrian Army and the establishment of No-Fly Zone.
Element_of_Crimes Defined by #ICC #CrimesAgainstHumanity #Systematic #Murder
Element_of_Crimes_English.pdf (application/pdf Object)
Crimes Against Humanity as Defined by the International Criminal Court Website / Rome Statute / Elements_of_Crimes /
clipped from International Criminal Court website, pasted below is from link above:
Explanatory note:
The structure of the elements of the crimes of
genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes
follows the structure of the corresponding
provisions of articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Rome Statute.
Some paragraphs of those articles of the Rome
Statute list multiple crimes. In those instances, the
elements of crimes appear in separate paragraphs
which correspond to each of those crimes to
facilitate the identification of the respective
elements.
Elements of Crimes*
*
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes
Table of Contents
General introduction 1
Article 6 Genocide 2
Introduction 2
6 (a) Genocide by killing 2
6 (b) Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm 2
6 (c) Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to
bring about physical destruction 3
6 (d) Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births 3
6 (e) Genocide by forcibly transferring children 4
Article 7 Crimes against humanity 5
Introduction 5
7 (1) (a) Crime against humanity of murder 5
7 (1) (b) Crime against humanity of extermination 6
7 (1) (c) Crime against humanity of enslavement 6
7 (1) (d) Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of
population 7
7 (1) (e) Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation
of physical liberty 7
7 (1) (f) Crime against humanity of torture 8
7 (1) (g)-1 Crime against humanity of rape 8
7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery 9
7 (1) (g)-3 Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution 9
7 (1) (g)-4 Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy 10
7 (1) (g)-5 Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization 10
7 (1) (g)-6 Crime against humanity of sexual violence 10
7 (1) (h) Crime against humanity of persecution 11
7 (1) (i) Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons 11
7 (1) (j) Crime against humanity of apartheid 12
7 (1) (k) Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts 13
Article 8 War crimes 14
Introduction 14
Article 8 (2) (a) 14
8 (2) (a) (i) War crime of wilful killing 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-1 War crime of torture 15
8 (2) (a) (ii)-2 War crime of inhuman treatment 15
8 (2) (a) (ii)-3 War crime of biological experiments 16
8 (2) (a) (iii) War crime of wilfully causing great suffering 16
8 (2) (a) (iv) War crime of destruction and appropriation of property 16
8 (2) (a) (v) War crime of compelling service in hostile forces 17
8 (2) (a) (vi) War crime of denying a fair trial 17
8 (2) (a) (vii)-1 War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer 18
8 (2) (a) (vii)-2 War crime of unlawful confinement 18
8 (2) (a) (viii) War crime of taking hostages 18
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) 19
8 (2) (b) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 19
8 (2) (b) (ii) War crime of attacking civilian objects 19
8 (2) (b) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a
humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission 20
8 (2) (b) (iv) War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage 20
8 (2) (b) (v) War crime of attacking undefended places 21
8 (2) (b) (vi) War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-1 War crime of improper use of a flag of truce 22
8 (2) (b) (vii)-2 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
hostile party 22
8 (2) (b) (vii)-3 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
United Nations 23
8 (2) (b) (vii)-4 War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the
Geneva Conventions 23
8 (2) (b) (viii) The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of
parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies,
or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of
the occupied territory within or outside this territory 24
8 (2) (b) (ix) War crime of attacking protected objects 24
8 (2) (b) (x)-1 War crime of mutilation 25
8 (2) (b) (x)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 25
8 (2) (b) (xi) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 26
8 (2) (b) (xii) War crime of denying quarter 26
8 (2) (b) (xiii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 26
8 (2) (b) (xiv) War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights
or actions 27
8 (2) (b) (xv) War crime of compelling participation in military operations 27
8 (2) (b) (xvi) War crime of pillaging 28
8 (2) (b) (xvii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 28
8 (2) (b) (xviii) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials
or devices 28
8 (2) (b) (xix) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 29
8 (2) (b) (xx) War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or
methods of warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute 29
8 (2) (b) (xxi) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1 War crime of rape 30
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 30
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6 War crime of sexual violence 32
8 (2) (b) (xxiii) War crime of using protected persons as shields 32
8 (2) (b) (xxiv) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 32
8 (2) (b) (xxv) War crime of starvation as a method of warfare 33
8 (2) (b) (xxvi) War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children 33
Article 8 (2) (c) 33
8 (2) (c) (i)-1 War crime of murder 33
8 (2) (c) (i)-2 War crime of mutilation 34
8 (2) (c) (i)-3 War crime of cruel treatment 34
Elements of Crimes
8 (2) (c) (i)-4 War crime of torture 35
8 (2) (c) (ii) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 35
8 (2) (c) (iii) War crime of taking hostages 36
8 (2) (c) (iv) War crime of sentencing or execution without due process 36
Article 8 (2) (e) 37
8 (2) (e) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 37
8 (2) (e) (ii) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 37
8 (2) (e) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a
humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission 38
8 (2) (e) (iv) War crime of attacking protected objects 38
8 (2) (e) (v) War crime of pillaging 39
8 (2) (e) (vi)-1 War crime of rape 39
8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 41
8 (2) (e) (vi)-6 War crime of sexual violence 41
8 (2) (e) (vii) War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children 42
8 (2) (e) (viii) War crime of displacing civilians 42
8 (2) (e) (ix) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 42
8 (2) (e) (x) War crime of denying quarter 43
8 (2) (e) (xi)-1 War crime of mutilation 43
8 (2) (e) (xi)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 44
8 (2) (e) (xii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 44
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes
1
General introduction
1. Pursuant to article 9, the following Elements of Crimes shall assist the Court in the
interpretation and application of articles 6, 7 and 8, consistent with the Statute.
The provisions of the Statute, including article 21 and the general principles set
out in Part 3, are applicable to the Elements of Crimes.
2. As stated in article 30, unless otherwise provided, a person shall be criminally
responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the
Court only if the material elements are committed with intent and knowledge.
Where no reference is made in the Elements of Crimes to a mental element for
any particular conduct, consequence or circumstance listed, it is understood that
the relevant mental element, i.e., intent, knowledge or both, set out in article 30
applies. Exceptions to the article 30 standard, based on the Statute, including
applicable law under its relevant provisions, are indicated below.
3. Existence of intent and knowledge can be inferred from relevant facts and
circumstances.
4. With respect to mental elements associated with elements involving value
judgement, such as those using the terms ‘inhumane’ or ‘severe’, it is not
necessary that the perpetrator personally completed a particular value judgement,
unless otherwise indicated.
5. Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility or the absence thereof are generally
not specified in the elements of crimes listed under each crime.1
6. The requirement of ‘unlawfulness’ found in the Statute or in other parts of
international law, in particular international humanitarian law, is generally not
specified in the elements of crimes.
7. The elements of crimes are generally structured in accordance with the following
principles:
– As the elements of crimes focus on the conduct, consequences and circumstances
associated with each crime, they are generally listed in that order;
– When required, a particular mental element is listed after the affected conduct,
consequence or circumstance;
– Contextual circumstances are listed last.
8. As used in the Elements of Crimes, the term ‘perpetrator’ is neutral as to guilt or
innocence. The elements, including the appropriate mental elements, apply,
mutatis mutandis, to all those whose criminal responsibility may fall under articles
25 and 28 of the Statute.
9. A particular conduct may constitute one or more crimes.
10. The use of short titles for the crimes has no legal effect.
1. This paragraph is without prejudice to the obligation of the Prosecutor under article 54, paragraph 1,
of the Statute.
2
Elements of Crimes
Article 6
Genocide
Introduction
With respect to the last element listed for each crime:
– The term ‘in the context of’ would include the initial acts in an emerging pattern;
– The term ‘manifest’ is an objective qualification;
– Notwithstanding the normal requirement for a mental element provided for in
article 30, and recognizing that knowledge of the circumstances will usually be
addressed in proving genocidal intent, the appropriate requirement, if any, for a
mental element regarding this circumstance will need to be decided by the Court
on a case-by-case basis.
Article 6 (a)
Genocide by killing
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed2 one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
Article 6 (b)
Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused serious bodily or mental harm to one or more persons.3
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
2 The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’.
3 This conduct may include, but is not necessarily restricted to, acts of torture, rape, sexual violence or inhuman
or degrading treatment.
3
Elements of Crimes
Article 6 (c)
Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring
about physical destruction
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted certain conditions of life upon one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conditions of life were calculated to bring about the physical destruction of
that group, in whole or in part.4
5. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
Article 6 (d)
Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births
Elements
1. The perpetrator imposed certain measures upon one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The measures imposed were intended to prevent births within that group.
5. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
4 The term ‘conditions of life’ may include, but is not necessarily restricted to, deliberate deprivation of resources
indispensable for survival, such as food or medical services, or systematic expulsion from homes.
Article 6 (e)
Genocide by forcibly transferring children
Elements
1. The perpetrator forcibly transferred one or more persons.5
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The transfer was from that group to another group.
5. The person or persons were under the age of 18 years.
6. The perpetrator knew, or should have known, that the person or persons were
under the age of 18 years.
7. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
4
Elements of Crimes
5 The term ‘forcibly’ is not restricted to physical force, but may include threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person
or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment.
5
Elements of Crimes
Article 7
Crimes against humanity
Introduction
1. Since article 7 pertains to international criminal law, its provisions, consistent with
article 22, must be strictly construed, taking into account that crimes against
humanity as defined in article 7 are among the most serious crimes of concern to
the international community as a whole, warrant and entail individual criminal
responsibility, and require conduct which is impermissible under generally
applicable international law, as recognized by the principal legal systems of the
world.
2. The last two elements for each crime against humanity describe the context in
which the conduct must take place. These elements clarify the requisite
participation in and knowledge of a widespread or systematic attack against a
civilian population. However, the last element should not be interpreted as
requiring proof that the perpetrator had knowledge of all characteristics of the
attack or the precise details of the plan or policy of the State or organization. In
the case of an emerging widespread or systematic attack against a civilian
population, the intent clause of the last element indicates that this mental element
is satisfied if the perpetrator intended to further such an attack.
3. ‘Attack directed against a civilian population’ in these context elements is
understood to mean a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts
referred to in article 7, paragraph 1, of the Statute against any civilian population,
pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such
attack. The acts need not constitute a military attack. It is understood that ‘policy
to commit such attack’ requires that the State or organization actively promote or
encourage such an attack against a civilian population.6
Article 7 (1) (a)
Crime against humanity of murder
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed 7 one or more persons.
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population.
6 A policy which has a civilian population as the object of the attack would be implemented by State or
organizational action. Such a policy may, in exceptional circumstances, be implemented by a deliberate failure
to take action, which is consciously aimed at encouraging such attack. The existence of such a policy cannot be
inferred solely from the absence of governmental or organizational action.
7 The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’. This footnote applies to all elements which
use either of these concepts.
Article 7 (1) (b)
Crime against humanity of extermination
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed 8 one or more persons, including by inflicting conditions of
life calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population.9
2. The conduct constituted, or took place as part of,10 a mass killing of members of a
civilian population.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (c)
Crime against humanity of enslavement
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.11
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
6
Elements of Crimes
8 The conduct could be committed by different methods of killing, either directly or indirectly.
9 The infliction of such conditions could include the deprivation of access to food and medicine.
10 The term ‘as part of’ would include the initial conduct in a mass killing.
11 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to a servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
7
Elements of Crimes
Article 7 (1) (d)
Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population
Elements
1. The perpetrator deported or forcibly 12 transferred,13 without grounds permitted
under international law, one or more persons to another State or location, by
expulsion or other coercive acts.
2. Such person or persons were lawfully present in the area from which they were so
deported or transferred.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
lawfulness of such presence.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (e)
Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation of
physical liberty
Elements
1. The perpetrator imprisoned one or more persons or otherwise severely deprived
one or more persons of physical liberty.
2. The gravity of the conduct was such that it was in violation of fundamental rules of
international law.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
12 The term ‘forcibly’ is not restricted to physical force, but may include threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power against such person
or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment.
13 ‘Deported or forcibly transferred’ is interchangeable with ‘forcibly displaced’.
Article 7 (1) (f)
Crime against humanity of torture14
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were in the custody or under the control of the
perpetrator.
3. Such pain or suffering did not arise only from, and was not inherent in or
incidental to, lawful sanctions.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-1
Crime against humanity of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded15 the body of a person by conduct resulting in penetration,
however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the perpetrator with a
sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim with any object or any
other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.16
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
8
Elements of Crimes
14 It is understood that no specific purpose need be proved for this crime.
15 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
16 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements of article 7 (1) (g)-3, 5 and 6.
9
Elements of Crimes
Article 7 (1) (g)-2
Crime against humanity of sexual slavery17
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.18
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-3
Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
17 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
18 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to a servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
Article 7 (1) (g)-4
Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-5
Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive
capacity.19
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.20
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-6
Crime against humanity of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. Such conduct was of a gravity comparable to the other offences in article 7,
paragraph 1 (g), of the Statute.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
10
Elements of Crimes
19 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in practice.
20 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
11
Elements of Crimes
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (h)
Crime against humanity of persecution
Elements
1. The perpetrator severely deprived, contrary to international law,21 one or more
persons of fundamental rights.
2. The perpetrator targeted such person or persons by reason of the identity of a
group or collectivity or targeted the group or collectivity as such.
3. Such targeting was based on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious,
gender as defined in article 7, paragraph 3, of the Statute, or other grounds that
are universally recognized as impermissible under international law.
4. The conduct was committed in connection with any act referred to in article 7,
paragraph 1, of the Statute or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court.22
5. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
6. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (i)
Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons23, 24
Elements
1. The perpetrator:
(a) Arrested, detained25, 26 or abducted one or more persons; or
(b) Refused to acknowledge the arrest, detention or abduction, or to give
information on the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons.
21 This requirement is without prejudice to paragraph 6 of the General Introduction to the Elements of Crimes.
22 It is understood that no additional mental element is necessary for this element other than that inherent in
element 6.
23 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission will normally involve more than
one perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
24 This crime falls under the jurisdiction of the Court only if the attack referred to in elements 7 and 8 occurs after
the entry into force of the Statute.
25 The word ‘detained’ would include a perpetrator who maintained an existing detention.
26 It is understood that under certain circumstances an arrest or detention may have been lawful.
12
Elements of Crimes
2. (a) Such arrest, detention or abduction was followed or accompanied by a
refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information
on the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons; or
(b) Such refusal was preceded or accompanied by that deprivation of freedom.
3. The perpetrator was aware that:27
(a) Such arrest, detention or abduction would be followed in the ordinary
course of events by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom
or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of such person or
persons;28 or
(b) Such refusal was preceded or accompanied by that deprivation of freedom.
4. Such arrest, detention or abduction was carried out by, or with the authorization,
support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization.
5. Such refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on
the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons was carried out by, or with the
authorization or support of, such State or political organization.
6. The perpetrator intended to remove such person or persons from the protection of
the law for a prolonged period of time.
7. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
8. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (j)
Crime against humanity of apartheid
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an inhumane act against one or more persons.
2. Such act was an act referred to in article 7, paragraph 1, of the Statute, or was an
act of a character similar to any of those acts.29
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
character of the act.
4. The conduct was committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of
systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial
group or groups.
27 This element, inserted because of the complexity of this crime, is without prejudice to the General Introduction
to the Elements of Crimes.
28 It is understood that, in the case of a perpetrator who maintained an existing detention, this element would be
satisfied if the perpetrator was aware that such a refusal had already taken place.
29 It is understood that ‘character’ refers to the nature and gravity of the act.
13
Elements of Crimes
5. The perpetrator intended to maintain such regime by that conduct.
6. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
7. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (k)
Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or
physical health, by means of an inhumane act.
2. Such act was of a character similar to any other act referred to in article 7,
paragraph 1, of the Statute.30
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
character of the act.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
30 It is understood that ‘character’ refers to the nature and gravity of the act.
14
Elements of Crimes
Article 8
War crimes
Introduction
The elements for war crimes under article 8, paragraph 2 (c) and (e), are subject to the
limitations addressed in article 8, paragraph 2 (d) and (f), which are not elements of crimes.
The elements for war crimes under article 8, paragraph 2, of the Statute shall be interpreted
within the established framework of the international law of armed conflict including, as
appropriate, the international law of armed conflict applicable to armed conflict at sea.
With respect to the last two elements listed for each crime:
– There is no requirement for a legal evaluation by the perpetrator as to
the existence of an armed conflict or its character as international or
non-international;
– In that context there is no requirement for awareness by the perpetrator of
the facts that established the character of the conflict as international or
non-international;
– There is only a requirement for the awareness of the factual circumstances that
established the existence of an armed conflict that is implicit in the terms ‘took
place in the context of and was associated with’.
Article 8 (2) (a)
Article 8 (2) (a) (i)
War crime of wilful killing
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed one or more persons.31
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.32, 33
31. The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’. This footnote applies to all elements which
use either of these concepts.
32. This mental element recognizes the interplay between articles 30 and 32. This footnote also applies to the
corresponding element in each crime under article 8 (2) (a), and to the element in other crimes in article 8 (2)
concerning the awareness of factual circumstances that establish the status of persons or property protected
under the relevant international law of armed conflict.
33. With respect to nationality, it is understood that the perpetrator needs only to know that the victim belonged to
an adverse party to the conflict. This footnote also applies to the corresponding element in each crime under
article 8 (2) (a).
15
Elements of Crimes
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.34
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-1
War crime of torture
Elements
35
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. The perpetrator inflicted the pain or suffering for such purposes as: obtaining
information or a confession, punishment, intimidation or coercion or for any
reason based on discrimination of any kind.
3. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-2
War crime of inhuman treatment
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
34. The term ‘international armed conflict’ includes military occupation. This footnote also applies to the
corresponding element in each crime under article 8 (2) (a).
35. As element 3 requires that all victims must be ‘protected persons’ under one or more of the Geneva Conventions of
1949, these elements do not include the custody or control requirement found in the elements of article 7 (1) (e).
16
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-3
War crime of biological experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a particular biological
experiment.
2. The experiment seriously endangered the physical or mental health or integrity of
such person or persons.
3. The intent of the experiment was non-therapeutic and it was neither justified by
medical reasons nor carried out in such person’s or persons’ interest.
4. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (iii)
War crime of wilfully causing great suffering
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused great physical or mental pain or suffering to, or serious
injury to body or health of, one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (iv)
War crime of destruction and appropriation of property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or appropriated certain property.
2. The destruction or appropriation was not justified by military necessity.
17
Elements of Crimes
3. The destruction or appropriation was extensive and carried out wantonly.
4. Such property was protected under one or more of the Geneva Conventions of
1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (v)
War crime of compelling service in hostile forces
Elements
1. The perpetrator coerced one or more persons, by act or threat, to take part in
military operations against that person’s own country or forces or otherwise serve
in the forces of a hostile power.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (vi)
War crime of denying a fair trial
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of a fair and regular trial by denying
judicial guarantees as defined, in particular, in the third and the fourth Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
18
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (a) (vii)-1
War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer
Elements
1. The perpetrator deported or transferred one or more persons to another State or to
another location.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (vii)-2
War crime of unlawful confinement
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined or continued to confine one or more persons to a certain
location.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (viii)
War crime of taking hostages
Elements
1. The perpetrator seized, detained or otherwise held hostage one or more persons.
2. The perpetrator threatened to kill, injure or continue to detain such person or
persons.
3. The perpetrator intended to compel a State, an international organization, a
natural or legal person or a group of persons to act or refrain from acting
as an explicit or implicit condition for the safety or the release of such person or
persons.
19
Elements of Crimes
4. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b)
Article 8 (2) (b) (i)
War crime of attacking civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was a civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities.
3. The perpetrator intended the civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (ii)
War crime of attacking civilian objects
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was civilian objects, that is, objects which are not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such civilian objects to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (iii)
War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The perpetrator intended such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
so involved to be the object of the attack.
4. Such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles were entitled to that
protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protection.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (iv)
War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage
Elements
1. The perpetrator launched an attack.
2. The attack was such that it would cause incidental death or injury to civilians or
damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the
natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would be of such an
extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall
military advantage anticipated.36
20
Elements of Crimes
36 The expression ‘concrete and direct overall military advantage’ refers to a military advantage that is foreseeable by
the perpetrator at the relevant time. Such advantage may or may not be temporally or geographically related to
the object of the attack. The fact that this crime admits the possibility of lawful incidental injury and collateral
damage does not in any way justify any violation of the law applicable in armed conflict. It does not address
justifications for war or other rules related to jus ad bellum. It reflects the proportionality requirement inherent in
determining the legality of any military activity undertaken in the context of an armed conflict.
21
Elements of Crimes
3. The perpetrator knew that the attack would cause incidental death or injury to
civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe
damage to the natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would
be of such an extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct
overall military advantage anticipated.37
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (v)
War crime of attacking undefended places38
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more towns, villages, dwellings or buildings.
2. Such towns, villages, dwellings or buildings were open for unresisted occupation.
3. Such towns, villages, dwellings or buildings did not constitute military objectives.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vi)
War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed or injured one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were hors de combat.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
37 As opposed to the general rule set forth in paragraph 4 of the General Introduction, this knowledge element
requires that the perpetrator make the value judgement as described therein. An evaluation of that value
judgement must be based on the requisite information available to the perpetrator at the time.
38 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
22
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-1
War crime of improper use of a flag of truce
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag of truce.
2. The perpetrator made such use in order to feign an intention to negotiate when
there was no such intention on the part of the perpetrator.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.39
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-2
War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the hostile party
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag, insignia or uniform of the hostile party.
2. The perpetrator made such use in a manner prohibited under the international law
of armed conflict while engaged in an attack.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.40
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
39 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
40 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
23
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-3
War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the United
Nations
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag, insignia or uniform of the United Nations.
2. The perpetrator made such use in a manner prohibited under the international law
of armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator knew of the prohibited nature of such use.41
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-4
War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva
Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator used the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator made such use for combatant purposes42 in a manner prohibited
under the international law of armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.43
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
41 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The ‘should have known’ test
required in the other offences found in article 8 (2) (b) (vii) is not applicable here because of the variable and
regulatory nature of the relevant prohibitions.
42 ‘Combatant purposes’ in these circumstances means purposes directly related to hostilities and not including
medical, religious or similar activities.
43 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
24
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (viii)
The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own
civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer
of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this
territory
Elements
1. The perpetrator:
(a) Transferred,44 directly or indirectly, parts of its own population into the
territory it occupies; or
(b) Deported or transferred all or parts of the population of the occupied
territory within or outside this territory.
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (ix)
War crime of attacking protected objects45
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was one or more buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such building or buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives, to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
44 The term ‘transfer’ needs to be interpreted in accordance with the relevant provisions of international
humanitarian law.
45 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
25
Elements of Crimes
46 Consent is not a defence to this crime. The crime prohibits any medical procedure which is not indicated by the
state of health of the person concerned and which is not consistent with generally accepted medical standards
which would be applied under similar medical circumstances to persons who are nationals of the party
conducting the procedure and who are in no way deprived of liberty. This footnote also applies to the same
element for article 8 (2) (b) (x)-2.
Article 8 (2) (b) (x)-1
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental health
of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.46
4. Such person or persons were in the power of an adverse party.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (x)-2
War crime of medical or scientific experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a medical or scientific
experiment.
2. The experiment caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental
health or integrity of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
such person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.
4. Such person or persons were in the power of an adverse party.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
26
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xi)
War crime of treacherously killing or wounding
Elements
1. The perpetrator invited the confidence or belief of one or more persons that they
were entitled to, or were obliged to accord, protection under rules of international
law applicable in armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to betray that confidence or belief.
3. The perpetrator killed or injured such person or persons.
4. The perpetrator made use of that confidence or belief in killing or injuring such
person or persons.
5. Such person or persons belonged to an adverse party.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xii)
War crime of denying quarter
Elements
1. The perpetrator declared or ordered that there shall be no survivors.
2. Such declaration or order was given in order to threaten an adversary or to
conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors.
3. The perpetrator was in a position of effective command or control over the
subordinate forces to which the declaration or order was directed.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xiii)
War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or seized certain property.
2. Such property was property of a hostile party.
3. Such property was protected from that destruction or seizure under the
international law of armed conflict.
27
Elements of Crimes
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the status
of the property.
5. The destruction or seizure was not justified by military necessity.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xiv)
War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights or actions
Elements
1. The perpetrator effected the abolition, suspension or termination of admissibility
in a court of law of certain rights or actions.
2. The abolition, suspension or termination was directed at the nationals of a hostile
party.
3. The perpetrator intended the abolition, suspension or termination to be directed
at the nationals of a hostile party.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xv)
War crime of compelling participation in military operations
Elements
1. The perpetrator coerced one or more persons by act or threat to take part in
military operations against that person’s own country or forces.
2. Such person or persons were nationals of a hostile party.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
28
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xvi)
War crime of pillaging
Elements
1. The perpetrator appropriated certain property.
2. The perpetrator intended to deprive the owner of the property and to appropriate
it for private or personal use.47
3. The appropriation was without the consent of the owner.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xvii)
War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed a substance or a weapon that releases a substance as a
result of its employment.
2. The substance was such that it causes death or serious damage to health in the
ordinary course of events, through its toxic properties.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xviii)
War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed a gas or other analogous substance or device.
2. The gas, substance or device was such that it causes death or serious damage to
health in the ordinary course of events, through its asphyxiating or toxic
properties.48
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
47 As indicated by the use of the term ‘private or personal use’, appropriations justified by military necessity
cannot constitute the crime of pillaging.
48 Nothing in this element shall be interpreted as limiting or prejudicing in any way existing or developing rules
of international law with respect to the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons.
29
Elements of Crimes
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xix)
War crime of employing prohibited bullets
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed certain bullets.
2. The bullets were such that their use violates the international law of armed conflict
because they expand or flatten easily in the human body.
3. The perpetrator was aware that the nature of the bullets was such that their
employment would uselessly aggravate suffering or the wounding effect.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xx)
War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or methods of
warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute
Elements
[Elements will have to be drafted once weapons, projectiles or material or methods of
warfare have been included in an annex to the Statute.]
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxi)
War crime of outrages upon personal dignity
Elements
1. The perpetrator humiliated, degraded or otherwise violated the dignity of one or
more persons.49
2. The severity of the humiliation, degradation or other violation was of such degree
as to be generally recognized as an outrage upon personal dignity.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
49 For this crime, ‘persons’ can include dead persons. It is understood that the victim need not personally be
aware of the existence of the humiliation or degradation or other violation. This element takes into account
relevant aspects of the cultural background of the victim.
30
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1
War crime of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded50 the body of a person by conduct resulting in
penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the
perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim
with any object or any other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.51
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2
War crime of sexual slavery52
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.53
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
50 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
51 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements of article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3, 5 and 6.
52 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
53 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3
War crime of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4
War crime of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5
War crime of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive capacity.54
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.55
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
31
Elements of Crimes
54 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in
practice.
55 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
32
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6
War crime of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The conduct was of a gravity comparable to that of a grave breach of the Geneva
Conventions.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxiii)
War crime of using protected persons as shields
Elements
1. The perpetrator moved or otherwise took advantage of the location of one or more
civilians or other persons protected under the international law of armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to shield a military objective from attack or shield,
favour or impede military operations.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxiv)
War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive emblems of
the Geneva Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more persons, buildings, medical units or
transports or other objects using, in conformity with international law, a
distinctive emblem or other method of identification indicating protection under
the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator intended such persons, buildings, units or transports or other
objects so using such identification to be the object of the attack.
33
Elements of Crimes
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxv)
War crime of starvation as a method of warfare
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived civilians of objects indispensable to their survival.
2. The perpetrator intended to starve civilians as a method of warfare.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxvi)
War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children
Elements
1. The perpetrator conscripted or enlisted one or more persons into the national
armed forces or used one or more persons to participate actively in hostilities.
2. Such person or persons were under the age of 15 years.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known that such person or persons were
under the age of 15 years.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c)
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-1
War crime of murder
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel, or religious personnel56 taking no active part in the hostilities.
56 The term ‘religious personnel’ includes those non-confessional non-combatant military personnel carrying out
a similar function.
34
Elements of Crimes
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-2
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interests.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-3
War crime of cruel treatment
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel, or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
35
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-4
War crime of torture
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. The perpetrator inflicted the pain or suffering for such purposes as: obtaining
information or a confession, punishment, intimidation or coercion or for any
reason based on discrimination of any kind.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (ii)
War crime of outrages upon personal dignity
Elements
1. The perpetrator humiliated, degraded or otherwise violated the dignity of one or
more persons.57
2. The severity of the humiliation, degradation or other violation was of such degree
as to be generally recognized as an outrage upon personal dignity.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
57 For this crime, ‘persons’ can include dead persons. It is understood that the victim need not personally be
aware of the existence of the humiliation or degradation or other violation. This element takes into account
relevant aspects of the cultural background of the victim.
36
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) (iii)
War crime of taking hostages
Elements
1. The perpetrator seized, detained or otherwise held hostage one or more persons.
2. The perpetrator threatened to kill, injure or continue to detain such person or
persons.
3. The perpetrator intended to compel a State, an international organization, a
natural or legal person or a group of persons to act or refrain from acting as an
explicit or implicit condition for the safety or the release of such person or persons.
4. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (iv)
War crime of sentencing or execution without due process
Elements
1. The perpetrator passed sentence or executed one or more persons.58
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. There was no previous judgement pronounced by a court, or the court that
rendered judgement was not ‘regularly constituted’, that is, it did not afford the
essential guarantees of independence and impartiality, or the court that rendered
judgement did not afford all other judicial guarantees generally recognized as
indispensable under international law.59
5. The perpetrator was aware of the absence of a previous judgement or of the
denial of relevant guarantees and the fact that they are essential or indispensable
to a fair trial.
58 The elements laid down in these documents do not address the different forms of individual criminal
responsibility, as enunciated in articles 25 and 28 of the Statute.
59 With respect to elements 4 and 5, the Court should consider whether, in the light of all relevant circumstances,
the cumulative effect of factors with respect to guarantees deprived the person or persons of a fair trial.
37
Elements of Crimes
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e)
Article 8 (2) (e) (i)
War crime of attacking civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was a civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities.
3. The perpetrator intended the civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (ii)
War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive emblems of
the Geneva Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more persons, buildings, medical units or
transports or other objects using, in conformity with international law, a
distinctive emblem or other method of identification indicating protection under
the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator intended such persons, buildings, units or transports or other
objects so using such identification to be the object of the attack.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
38
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (iii)
War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The perpetrator intended such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
so involved to be the object of the attack.
4. Such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles were entitled to that
protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protection.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (iv)
War crime of attacking protected objects60
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was one or more buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such building or buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives, to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
60 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
39
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (v)
War crime of pillaging
Elements
1. The perpetrator appropriated certain property.
2. The perpetrator intended to deprive the owner of the property and to appropriate
it for private or personal use.61
3. The appropriation was without the consent of the owner.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-1
War crime of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded62 the body of a person by conduct resulting in
penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the
perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim
with any object or any other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.63
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
61 As indicated by the use of the term ‘private or personal use’, appropriations justified by military necessity
cannot constitute the crime of pillaging.
62 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
63 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements in article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-3, 5 and 6.
40
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-2
War crime of sexual slavery64
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.65
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-3
War crime of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-4
War crime of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
64 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
65 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition
of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that
the conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
41
Elements of Crimes
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-5
War crime of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive
capacity.66
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.67
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-6
War crime of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The conduct was of a gravity comparable to that of a serious violation of article 3
common to the four Geneva Conventions.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
66 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in
practice.
67 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
42
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (vii)
War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children
Elements
1. The perpetrator conscripted or enlisted one or more persons into an armed force
or group or used one or more persons to participate actively in hostilities.
2. Such person or persons were under the age of 15 years.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known that such person or persons were
under the age of 15 years.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (viii)
War crime of displacing civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator ordered a displacement of a civilian population.
2. Such order was not justified by the security of the civilians involved or by military
necessity.
3. The perpetrator was in a position to effect such displacement by giving such order.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (ix)
War crime of treacherously killing or wounding
Elements
1. The perpetrator invited the confidence or belief of one or more combatant
adversaries that they were entitled to, or were obliged to accord, protection under
rules of international law applicable in armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to betray that confidence or belief.
3. The perpetrator killed or injured such person or persons.
4. The perpetrator made use of that confidence or belief in killing or injuring such
person or persons.
5. Such person or persons belonged to an adverse party.
43
Elements of Crimes
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (x)
War crime of denying quarter
Elements
1. The perpetrator declared or ordered that there shall be no survivors.
2. Such declaration or order was given in order to threaten an adversary or to
conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors.
3. The perpetrator was in a position of effective command or control over the
subordinate forces to which the declaration or order was directed.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-1
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental health
of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.68
4. Such person or persons were in the power of another party to the conflict.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
68 Consent is not a defence to this crime. The crime prohibits any medical procedure which is not indicated by the
state of health of the person concerned and which is not consistent with generally accepted medical standards
which would be applied under similar medical circumstances to persons who are nationals of the party
conducting the procedure and who are in no way deprived of liberty. This footnote also applies to the similar
element in article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-2.
44
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-2
War crime of medical or scientific experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a medical or scientific
experiment.
2. The experiment caused the death or seriously endangered the physical or mental
health or integrity of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
such person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.
4. Such person or persons were in the power of another party to the conflict.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (xii)
War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or seized certain property.
2. Such property was property of an adversary.
3. Such property was protected from that destruction or seizure under the
international law of armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the status
of the property.
5. The destruction or seizure was not required by military necessity.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Crimes Against Humanity as Defined by the International Criminal Court Website / Rome Statute / Elements_of_Crimes /
clipped from International Criminal Court website, pasted below is from link above:
Explanatory note:
The structure of the elements of the crimes of
genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes
follows the structure of the corresponding
provisions of articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Rome Statute.
Some paragraphs of those articles of the Rome
Statute list multiple crimes. In those instances, the
elements of crimes appear in separate paragraphs
which correspond to each of those crimes to
facilitate the identification of the respective
elements.
Elements of Crimes*
*
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes
Table of Contents
General introduction 1
Article 6 Genocide 2
Introduction 2
6 (a) Genocide by killing 2
6 (b) Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm 2
6 (c) Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to
bring about physical destruction 3
6 (d) Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births 3
6 (e) Genocide by forcibly transferring children 4
Article 7 Crimes against humanity 5
Introduction 5
7 (1) (a) Crime against humanity of murder 5
7 (1) (b) Crime against humanity of extermination 6
7 (1) (c) Crime against humanity of enslavement 6
7 (1) (d) Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of
population 7
7 (1) (e) Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation
of physical liberty 7
7 (1) (f) Crime against humanity of torture 8
7 (1) (g)-1 Crime against humanity of rape 8
7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery 9
7 (1) (g)-3 Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution 9
7 (1) (g)-4 Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy 10
7 (1) (g)-5 Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization 10
7 (1) (g)-6 Crime against humanity of sexual violence 10
7 (1) (h) Crime against humanity of persecution 11
7 (1) (i) Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons 11
7 (1) (j) Crime against humanity of apartheid 12
7 (1) (k) Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts 13
Article 8 War crimes 14
Introduction 14
Article 8 (2) (a) 14
8 (2) (a) (i) War crime of wilful killing 14
8 (2) (a) (ii)-1 War crime of torture 15
8 (2) (a) (ii)-2 War crime of inhuman treatment 15
8 (2) (a) (ii)-3 War crime of biological experiments 16
8 (2) (a) (iii) War crime of wilfully causing great suffering 16
8 (2) (a) (iv) War crime of destruction and appropriation of property 16
8 (2) (a) (v) War crime of compelling service in hostile forces 17
8 (2) (a) (vi) War crime of denying a fair trial 17
8 (2) (a) (vii)-1 War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer 18
8 (2) (a) (vii)-2 War crime of unlawful confinement 18
8 (2) (a) (viii) War crime of taking hostages 18
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) 19
8 (2) (b) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 19
8 (2) (b) (ii) War crime of attacking civilian objects 19
8 (2) (b) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a
humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission 20
8 (2) (b) (iv) War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage 20
8 (2) (b) (v) War crime of attacking undefended places 21
8 (2) (b) (vi) War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat 21
8 (2) (b) (vii)-1 War crime of improper use of a flag of truce 22
8 (2) (b) (vii)-2 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
hostile party 22
8 (2) (b) (vii)-3 War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the
United Nations 23
8 (2) (b) (vii)-4 War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the
Geneva Conventions 23
8 (2) (b) (viii) The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of
parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies,
or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of
the occupied territory within or outside this territory 24
8 (2) (b) (ix) War crime of attacking protected objects 24
8 (2) (b) (x)-1 War crime of mutilation 25
8 (2) (b) (x)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 25
8 (2) (b) (xi) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 26
8 (2) (b) (xii) War crime of denying quarter 26
8 (2) (b) (xiii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 26
8 (2) (b) (xiv) War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights
or actions 27
8 (2) (b) (xv) War crime of compelling participation in military operations 27
8 (2) (b) (xvi) War crime of pillaging 28
8 (2) (b) (xvii) War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons 28
8 (2) (b) (xviii) War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials
or devices 28
8 (2) (b) (xix) War crime of employing prohibited bullets 29
8 (2) (b) (xx) War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or
methods of warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute 29
8 (2) (b) (xxi) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 29
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1 War crime of rape 30
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 30
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 31
8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6 War crime of sexual violence 32
8 (2) (b) (xxiii) War crime of using protected persons as shields 32
8 (2) (b) (xxiv) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 32
8 (2) (b) (xxv) War crime of starvation as a method of warfare 33
8 (2) (b) (xxvi) War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children 33
Article 8 (2) (c) 33
8 (2) (c) (i)-1 War crime of murder 33
8 (2) (c) (i)-2 War crime of mutilation 34
8 (2) (c) (i)-3 War crime of cruel treatment 34
Elements of Crimes
8 (2) (c) (i)-4 War crime of torture 35
8 (2) (c) (ii) War crime of outrages upon personal dignity 35
8 (2) (c) (iii) War crime of taking hostages 36
8 (2) (c) (iv) War crime of sentencing or execution without due process 36
Article 8 (2) (e) 37
8 (2) (e) (i) War crime of attacking civilians 37
8 (2) (e) (ii) War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive
emblems of the Geneva Conventions 37
8 (2) (e) (iii) War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a
humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission 38
8 (2) (e) (iv) War crime of attacking protected objects 38
8 (2) (e) (v) War crime of pillaging 39
8 (2) (e) (vi)-1 War crime of rape 39
8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-3 War crime of enforced prostitution 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-4 War crime of forced pregnancy 40
8 (2) (e) (vi)-5 War crime of enforced sterilization 41
8 (2) (e) (vi)-6 War crime of sexual violence 41
8 (2) (e) (vii) War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children 42
8 (2) (e) (viii) War crime of displacing civilians 42
8 (2) (e) (ix) War crime of treacherously killing or wounding 42
8 (2) (e) (x) War crime of denying quarter 43
8 (2) (e) (xi)-1 War crime of mutilation 43
8 (2) (e) (xi)-2 War crime of medical or scientific experiments 44
8 (2) (e) (xii) War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property 44
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes
1
General introduction
1. Pursuant to article 9, the following Elements of Crimes shall assist the Court in the
interpretation and application of articles 6, 7 and 8, consistent with the Statute.
The provisions of the Statute, including article 21 and the general principles set
out in Part 3, are applicable to the Elements of Crimes.
2. As stated in article 30, unless otherwise provided, a person shall be criminally
responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the
Court only if the material elements are committed with intent and knowledge.
Where no reference is made in the Elements of Crimes to a mental element for
any particular conduct, consequence or circumstance listed, it is understood that
the relevant mental element, i.e., intent, knowledge or both, set out in article 30
applies. Exceptions to the article 30 standard, based on the Statute, including
applicable law under its relevant provisions, are indicated below.
3. Existence of intent and knowledge can be inferred from relevant facts and
circumstances.
4. With respect to mental elements associated with elements involving value
judgement, such as those using the terms ‘inhumane’ or ‘severe’, it is not
necessary that the perpetrator personally completed a particular value judgement,
unless otherwise indicated.
5. Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility or the absence thereof are generally
not specified in the elements of crimes listed under each crime.1
6. The requirement of ‘unlawfulness’ found in the Statute or in other parts of
international law, in particular international humanitarian law, is generally not
specified in the elements of crimes.
7. The elements of crimes are generally structured in accordance with the following
principles:
– As the elements of crimes focus on the conduct, consequences and circumstances
associated with each crime, they are generally listed in that order;
– When required, a particular mental element is listed after the affected conduct,
consequence or circumstance;
– Contextual circumstances are listed last.
8. As used in the Elements of Crimes, the term ‘perpetrator’ is neutral as to guilt or
innocence. The elements, including the appropriate mental elements, apply,
mutatis mutandis, to all those whose criminal responsibility may fall under articles
25 and 28 of the Statute.
9. A particular conduct may constitute one or more crimes.
10. The use of short titles for the crimes has no legal effect.
1. This paragraph is without prejudice to the obligation of the Prosecutor under article 54, paragraph 1,
of the Statute.
2
Elements of Crimes
Article 6
Genocide
Introduction
With respect to the last element listed for each crime:
– The term ‘in the context of’ would include the initial acts in an emerging pattern;
– The term ‘manifest’ is an objective qualification;
– Notwithstanding the normal requirement for a mental element provided for in
article 30, and recognizing that knowledge of the circumstances will usually be
addressed in proving genocidal intent, the appropriate requirement, if any, for a
mental element regarding this circumstance will need to be decided by the Court
on a case-by-case basis.
Article 6 (a)
Genocide by killing
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed2 one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
Article 6 (b)
Genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused serious bodily or mental harm to one or more persons.3
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
2 The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’.
3 This conduct may include, but is not necessarily restricted to, acts of torture, rape, sexual violence or inhuman
or degrading treatment.
3
Elements of Crimes
Article 6 (c)
Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring
about physical destruction
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted certain conditions of life upon one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The conditions of life were calculated to bring about the physical destruction of
that group, in whole or in part.4
5. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
Article 6 (d)
Genocide by imposing measures intended to prevent births
Elements
1. The perpetrator imposed certain measures upon one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The measures imposed were intended to prevent births within that group.
5. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
4 The term ‘conditions of life’ may include, but is not necessarily restricted to, deliberate deprivation of resources
indispensable for survival, such as food or medical services, or systematic expulsion from homes.
Article 6 (e)
Genocide by forcibly transferring children
Elements
1. The perpetrator forcibly transferred one or more persons.5
2. Such person or persons belonged to a particular national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
3. The perpetrator intended to destroy, in whole or in part, that national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such.
4. The transfer was from that group to another group.
5. The person or persons were under the age of 18 years.
6. The perpetrator knew, or should have known, that the person or persons were
under the age of 18 years.
7. The conduct took place in the context of a manifest pattern of similar conduct
directed against that group or was conduct that could itself effect such destruction.
4
Elements of Crimes
5 The term ‘forcibly’ is not restricted to physical force, but may include threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person
or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment.
5
Elements of Crimes
Article 7
Crimes against humanity
Introduction
1. Since article 7 pertains to international criminal law, its provisions, consistent with
article 22, must be strictly construed, taking into account that crimes against
humanity as defined in article 7 are among the most serious crimes of concern to
the international community as a whole, warrant and entail individual criminal
responsibility, and require conduct which is impermissible under generally
applicable international law, as recognized by the principal legal systems of the
world.
2. The last two elements for each crime against humanity describe the context in
which the conduct must take place. These elements clarify the requisite
participation in and knowledge of a widespread or systematic attack against a
civilian population. However, the last element should not be interpreted as
requiring proof that the perpetrator had knowledge of all characteristics of the
attack or the precise details of the plan or policy of the State or organization. In
the case of an emerging widespread or systematic attack against a civilian
population, the intent clause of the last element indicates that this mental element
is satisfied if the perpetrator intended to further such an attack.
3. ‘Attack directed against a civilian population’ in these context elements is
understood to mean a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts
referred to in article 7, paragraph 1, of the Statute against any civilian population,
pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such
attack. The acts need not constitute a military attack. It is understood that ‘policy
to commit such attack’ requires that the State or organization actively promote or
encourage such an attack against a civilian population.6
Article 7 (1) (a)
Crime against humanity of murder
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed 7 one or more persons.
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population.
6 A policy which has a civilian population as the object of the attack would be implemented by State or
organizational action. Such a policy may, in exceptional circumstances, be implemented by a deliberate failure
to take action, which is consciously aimed at encouraging such attack. The existence of such a policy cannot be
inferred solely from the absence of governmental or organizational action.
7 The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’. This footnote applies to all elements which
use either of these concepts.
Article 7 (1) (b)
Crime against humanity of extermination
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed 8 one or more persons, including by inflicting conditions of
life calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population.9
2. The conduct constituted, or took place as part of,10 a mass killing of members of a
civilian population.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (c)
Crime against humanity of enslavement
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.11
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
6
Elements of Crimes
8 The conduct could be committed by different methods of killing, either directly or indirectly.
9 The infliction of such conditions could include the deprivation of access to food and medicine.
10 The term ‘as part of’ would include the initial conduct in a mass killing.
11 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to a servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
7
Elements of Crimes
Article 7 (1) (d)
Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population
Elements
1. The perpetrator deported or forcibly 12 transferred,13 without grounds permitted
under international law, one or more persons to another State or location, by
expulsion or other coercive acts.
2. Such person or persons were lawfully present in the area from which they were so
deported or transferred.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
lawfulness of such presence.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (e)
Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation of
physical liberty
Elements
1. The perpetrator imprisoned one or more persons or otherwise severely deprived
one or more persons of physical liberty.
2. The gravity of the conduct was such that it was in violation of fundamental rules of
international law.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
12 The term ‘forcibly’ is not restricted to physical force, but may include threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power against such person
or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment.
13 ‘Deported or forcibly transferred’ is interchangeable with ‘forcibly displaced’.
Article 7 (1) (f)
Crime against humanity of torture14
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were in the custody or under the control of the
perpetrator.
3. Such pain or suffering did not arise only from, and was not inherent in or
incidental to, lawful sanctions.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-1
Crime against humanity of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded15 the body of a person by conduct resulting in penetration,
however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the perpetrator with a
sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim with any object or any
other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.16
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
8
Elements of Crimes
14 It is understood that no specific purpose need be proved for this crime.
15 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
16 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements of article 7 (1) (g)-3, 5 and 6.
9
Elements of Crimes
Article 7 (1) (g)-2
Crime against humanity of sexual slavery17
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.18
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-3
Crime against humanity of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
17 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
18 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to a servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
Article 7 (1) (g)-4
Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
2. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
3. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-5
Crime against humanity of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive
capacity.19
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.20
3. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
4. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (g)-6
Crime against humanity of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. Such conduct was of a gravity comparable to the other offences in article 7,
paragraph 1 (g), of the Statute.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
10
Elements of Crimes
19 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in practice.
20 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
11
Elements of Crimes
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (h)
Crime against humanity of persecution
Elements
1. The perpetrator severely deprived, contrary to international law,21 one or more
persons of fundamental rights.
2. The perpetrator targeted such person or persons by reason of the identity of a
group or collectivity or targeted the group or collectivity as such.
3. Such targeting was based on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious,
gender as defined in article 7, paragraph 3, of the Statute, or other grounds that
are universally recognized as impermissible under international law.
4. The conduct was committed in connection with any act referred to in article 7,
paragraph 1, of the Statute or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court.22
5. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
6. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (i)
Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons23, 24
Elements
1. The perpetrator:
(a) Arrested, detained25, 26 or abducted one or more persons; or
(b) Refused to acknowledge the arrest, detention or abduction, or to give
information on the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons.
21 This requirement is without prejudice to paragraph 6 of the General Introduction to the Elements of Crimes.
22 It is understood that no additional mental element is necessary for this element other than that inherent in
element 6.
23 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission will normally involve more than
one perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
24 This crime falls under the jurisdiction of the Court only if the attack referred to in elements 7 and 8 occurs after
the entry into force of the Statute.
25 The word ‘detained’ would include a perpetrator who maintained an existing detention.
26 It is understood that under certain circumstances an arrest or detention may have been lawful.
12
Elements of Crimes
2. (a) Such arrest, detention or abduction was followed or accompanied by a
refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information
on the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons; or
(b) Such refusal was preceded or accompanied by that deprivation of freedom.
3. The perpetrator was aware that:27
(a) Such arrest, detention or abduction would be followed in the ordinary
course of events by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom
or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of such person or
persons;28 or
(b) Such refusal was preceded or accompanied by that deprivation of freedom.
4. Such arrest, detention or abduction was carried out by, or with the authorization,
support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization.
5. Such refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on
the fate or whereabouts of such person or persons was carried out by, or with the
authorization or support of, such State or political organization.
6. The perpetrator intended to remove such person or persons from the protection of
the law for a prolonged period of time.
7. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
8. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (j)
Crime against humanity of apartheid
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an inhumane act against one or more persons.
2. Such act was an act referred to in article 7, paragraph 1, of the Statute, or was an
act of a character similar to any of those acts.29
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
character of the act.
4. The conduct was committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of
systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial
group or groups.
27 This element, inserted because of the complexity of this crime, is without prejudice to the General Introduction
to the Elements of Crimes.
28 It is understood that, in the case of a perpetrator who maintained an existing detention, this element would be
satisfied if the perpetrator was aware that such a refusal had already taken place.
29 It is understood that ‘character’ refers to the nature and gravity of the act.
13
Elements of Crimes
5. The perpetrator intended to maintain such regime by that conduct.
6. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
7. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
Article 7 (1) (k)
Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or
physical health, by means of an inhumane act.
2. Such act was of a character similar to any other act referred to in article 7,
paragraph 1, of the Statute.30
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the
character of the act.
4. The conduct was committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed
against a civilian population.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
30 It is understood that ‘character’ refers to the nature and gravity of the act.
14
Elements of Crimes
Article 8
War crimes
Introduction
The elements for war crimes under article 8, paragraph 2 (c) and (e), are subject to the
limitations addressed in article 8, paragraph 2 (d) and (f), which are not elements of crimes.
The elements for war crimes under article 8, paragraph 2, of the Statute shall be interpreted
within the established framework of the international law of armed conflict including, as
appropriate, the international law of armed conflict applicable to armed conflict at sea.
With respect to the last two elements listed for each crime:
– There is no requirement for a legal evaluation by the perpetrator as to
the existence of an armed conflict or its character as international or
non-international;
– In that context there is no requirement for awareness by the perpetrator of
the facts that established the character of the conflict as international or
non-international;
– There is only a requirement for the awareness of the factual circumstances that
established the existence of an armed conflict that is implicit in the terms ‘took
place in the context of and was associated with’.
Article 8 (2) (a)
Article 8 (2) (a) (i)
War crime of wilful killing
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed one or more persons.31
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.32, 33
31. The term ‘killed’ is interchangeable with the term ‘caused death’. This footnote applies to all elements which
use either of these concepts.
32. This mental element recognizes the interplay between articles 30 and 32. This footnote also applies to the
corresponding element in each crime under article 8 (2) (a), and to the element in other crimes in article 8 (2)
concerning the awareness of factual circumstances that establish the status of persons or property protected
under the relevant international law of armed conflict.
33. With respect to nationality, it is understood that the perpetrator needs only to know that the victim belonged to
an adverse party to the conflict. This footnote also applies to the corresponding element in each crime under
article 8 (2) (a).
15
Elements of Crimes
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.34
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-1
War crime of torture
Elements
35
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. The perpetrator inflicted the pain or suffering for such purposes as: obtaining
information or a confession, punishment, intimidation or coercion or for any
reason based on discrimination of any kind.
3. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-2
War crime of inhuman treatment
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
34. The term ‘international armed conflict’ includes military occupation. This footnote also applies to the
corresponding element in each crime under article 8 (2) (a).
35. As element 3 requires that all victims must be ‘protected persons’ under one or more of the Geneva Conventions of
1949, these elements do not include the custody or control requirement found in the elements of article 7 (1) (e).
16
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (a) (ii)-3
War crime of biological experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a particular biological
experiment.
2. The experiment seriously endangered the physical or mental health or integrity of
such person or persons.
3. The intent of the experiment was non-therapeutic and it was neither justified by
medical reasons nor carried out in such person’s or persons’ interest.
4. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (iii)
War crime of wilfully causing great suffering
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused great physical or mental pain or suffering to, or serious
injury to body or health of, one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (iv)
War crime of destruction and appropriation of property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or appropriated certain property.
2. The destruction or appropriation was not justified by military necessity.
17
Elements of Crimes
3. The destruction or appropriation was extensive and carried out wantonly.
4. Such property was protected under one or more of the Geneva Conventions of
1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (v)
War crime of compelling service in hostile forces
Elements
1. The perpetrator coerced one or more persons, by act or threat, to take part in
military operations against that person’s own country or forces or otherwise serve
in the forces of a hostile power.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (vi)
War crime of denying a fair trial
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of a fair and regular trial by denying
judicial guarantees as defined, in particular, in the third and the fourth Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
18
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (a) (vii)-1
War crime of unlawful deportation and transfer
Elements
1. The perpetrator deported or transferred one or more persons to another State or to
another location.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (vii)-2
War crime of unlawful confinement
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined or continued to confine one or more persons to a certain
location.
2. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (a) (viii)
War crime of taking hostages
Elements
1. The perpetrator seized, detained or otherwise held hostage one or more persons.
2. The perpetrator threatened to kill, injure or continue to detain such person or
persons.
3. The perpetrator intended to compel a State, an international organization, a
natural or legal person or a group of persons to act or refrain from acting
as an explicit or implicit condition for the safety or the release of such person or
persons.
19
Elements of Crimes
4. Such person or persons were protected under one or more of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protected status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b)
Article 8 (2) (b) (i)
War crime of attacking civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was a civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities.
3. The perpetrator intended the civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (ii)
War crime of attacking civilian objects
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was civilian objects, that is, objects which are not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such civilian objects to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (iii)
War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The perpetrator intended such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
so involved to be the object of the attack.
4. Such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles were entitled to that
protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protection.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (iv)
War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage
Elements
1. The perpetrator launched an attack.
2. The attack was such that it would cause incidental death or injury to civilians or
damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the
natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would be of such an
extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall
military advantage anticipated.36
20
Elements of Crimes
36 The expression ‘concrete and direct overall military advantage’ refers to a military advantage that is foreseeable by
the perpetrator at the relevant time. Such advantage may or may not be temporally or geographically related to
the object of the attack. The fact that this crime admits the possibility of lawful incidental injury and collateral
damage does not in any way justify any violation of the law applicable in armed conflict. It does not address
justifications for war or other rules related to jus ad bellum. It reflects the proportionality requirement inherent in
determining the legality of any military activity undertaken in the context of an armed conflict.
21
Elements of Crimes
3. The perpetrator knew that the attack would cause incidental death or injury to
civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe
damage to the natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would
be of such an extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct
overall military advantage anticipated.37
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (v)
War crime of attacking undefended places38
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more towns, villages, dwellings or buildings.
2. Such towns, villages, dwellings or buildings were open for unresisted occupation.
3. Such towns, villages, dwellings or buildings did not constitute military objectives.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vi)
War crime of killing or wounding a person hors de combat
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed or injured one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were hors de combat.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
37 As opposed to the general rule set forth in paragraph 4 of the General Introduction, this knowledge element
requires that the perpetrator make the value judgement as described therein. An evaluation of that value
judgement must be based on the requisite information available to the perpetrator at the time.
38 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
22
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-1
War crime of improper use of a flag of truce
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag of truce.
2. The perpetrator made such use in order to feign an intention to negotiate when
there was no such intention on the part of the perpetrator.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.39
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-2
War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the hostile party
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag, insignia or uniform of the hostile party.
2. The perpetrator made such use in a manner prohibited under the international law
of armed conflict while engaged in an attack.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.40
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
39 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
40 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
23
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-3
War crime of improper use of a flag, insignia or uniform of the United
Nations
Elements
1. The perpetrator used a flag, insignia or uniform of the United Nations.
2. The perpetrator made such use in a manner prohibited under the international law
of armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator knew of the prohibited nature of such use.41
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (vii)-4
War crime of improper use of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva
Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator used the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator made such use for combatant purposes42 in a manner prohibited
under the international law of armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known of the prohibited nature of such
use.43
4. The conduct resulted in death or serious personal injury.
5. The perpetrator knew that the conduct could result in death or serious personal
injury.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
41 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The ‘should have known’ test
required in the other offences found in article 8 (2) (b) (vii) is not applicable here because of the variable and
regulatory nature of the relevant prohibitions.
42 ‘Combatant purposes’ in these circumstances means purposes directly related to hostilities and not including
medical, religious or similar activities.
43 This mental element recognizes the interplay between article 30 and article 32. The term ‘prohibited nature’
denotes illegality.
24
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (viii)
The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own
civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer
of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this
territory
Elements
1. The perpetrator:
(a) Transferred,44 directly or indirectly, parts of its own population into the
territory it occupies; or
(b) Deported or transferred all or parts of the population of the occupied
territory within or outside this territory.
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (ix)
War crime of attacking protected objects45
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was one or more buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such building or buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives, to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
44 The term ‘transfer’ needs to be interpreted in accordance with the relevant provisions of international
humanitarian law.
45 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
25
Elements of Crimes
46 Consent is not a defence to this crime. The crime prohibits any medical procedure which is not indicated by the
state of health of the person concerned and which is not consistent with generally accepted medical standards
which would be applied under similar medical circumstances to persons who are nationals of the party
conducting the procedure and who are in no way deprived of liberty. This footnote also applies to the same
element for article 8 (2) (b) (x)-2.
Article 8 (2) (b) (x)-1
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental health
of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.46
4. Such person or persons were in the power of an adverse party.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (x)-2
War crime of medical or scientific experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a medical or scientific
experiment.
2. The experiment caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental
health or integrity of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
such person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.
4. Such person or persons were in the power of an adverse party.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
26
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xi)
War crime of treacherously killing or wounding
Elements
1. The perpetrator invited the confidence or belief of one or more persons that they
were entitled to, or were obliged to accord, protection under rules of international
law applicable in armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to betray that confidence or belief.
3. The perpetrator killed or injured such person or persons.
4. The perpetrator made use of that confidence or belief in killing or injuring such
person or persons.
5. Such person or persons belonged to an adverse party.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xii)
War crime of denying quarter
Elements
1. The perpetrator declared or ordered that there shall be no survivors.
2. Such declaration or order was given in order to threaten an adversary or to
conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors.
3. The perpetrator was in a position of effective command or control over the
subordinate forces to which the declaration or order was directed.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xiii)
War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or seized certain property.
2. Such property was property of a hostile party.
3. Such property was protected from that destruction or seizure under the
international law of armed conflict.
27
Elements of Crimes
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the status
of the property.
5. The destruction or seizure was not justified by military necessity.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xiv)
War crime of depriving the nationals of the hostile power of rights or actions
Elements
1. The perpetrator effected the abolition, suspension or termination of admissibility
in a court of law of certain rights or actions.
2. The abolition, suspension or termination was directed at the nationals of a hostile
party.
3. The perpetrator intended the abolition, suspension or termination to be directed
at the nationals of a hostile party.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xv)
War crime of compelling participation in military operations
Elements
1. The perpetrator coerced one or more persons by act or threat to take part in
military operations against that person’s own country or forces.
2. Such person or persons were nationals of a hostile party.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
28
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xvi)
War crime of pillaging
Elements
1. The perpetrator appropriated certain property.
2. The perpetrator intended to deprive the owner of the property and to appropriate
it for private or personal use.47
3. The appropriation was without the consent of the owner.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xvii)
War crime of employing poison or poisoned weapons
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed a substance or a weapon that releases a substance as a
result of its employment.
2. The substance was such that it causes death or serious damage to health in the
ordinary course of events, through its toxic properties.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xviii)
War crime of employing prohibited gases, liquids, materials or devices
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed a gas or other analogous substance or device.
2. The gas, substance or device was such that it causes death or serious damage to
health in the ordinary course of events, through its asphyxiating or toxic
properties.48
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
47 As indicated by the use of the term ‘private or personal use’, appropriations justified by military necessity
cannot constitute the crime of pillaging.
48 Nothing in this element shall be interpreted as limiting or prejudicing in any way existing or developing rules
of international law with respect to the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons.
29
Elements of Crimes
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xix)
War crime of employing prohibited bullets
Elements
1. The perpetrator employed certain bullets.
2. The bullets were such that their use violates the international law of armed conflict
because they expand or flatten easily in the human body.
3. The perpetrator was aware that the nature of the bullets was such that their
employment would uselessly aggravate suffering or the wounding effect.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xx)
War crime of employing weapons, projectiles or materials or methods of
warfare listed in the Annex to the Statute
Elements
[Elements will have to be drafted once weapons, projectiles or material or methods of
warfare have been included in an annex to the Statute.]
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxi)
War crime of outrages upon personal dignity
Elements
1. The perpetrator humiliated, degraded or otherwise violated the dignity of one or
more persons.49
2. The severity of the humiliation, degradation or other violation was of such degree
as to be generally recognized as an outrage upon personal dignity.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
49 For this crime, ‘persons’ can include dead persons. It is understood that the victim need not personally be
aware of the existence of the humiliation or degradation or other violation. This element takes into account
relevant aspects of the cultural background of the victim.
30
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-1
War crime of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded50 the body of a person by conduct resulting in
penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the
perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim
with any object or any other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.51
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2
War crime of sexual slavery52
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.53
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
50 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
51 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements of article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3, 5 and 6.
52 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
53 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that the
conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-3
War crime of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-4
War crime of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-5
War crime of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive capacity.54
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.55
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
31
Elements of Crimes
54 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in
practice.
55 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
32
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-6
War crime of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The conduct was of a gravity comparable to that of a grave breach of the Geneva
Conventions.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxiii)
War crime of using protected persons as shields
Elements
1. The perpetrator moved or otherwise took advantage of the location of one or more
civilians or other persons protected under the international law of armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to shield a military objective from attack or shield,
favour or impede military operations.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxiv)
War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive emblems of
the Geneva Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more persons, buildings, medical units or
transports or other objects using, in conformity with international law, a
distinctive emblem or other method of identification indicating protection under
the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator intended such persons, buildings, units or transports or other
objects so using such identification to be the object of the attack.
33
Elements of Crimes
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxv)
War crime of starvation as a method of warfare
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived civilians of objects indispensable to their survival.
2. The perpetrator intended to starve civilians as a method of warfare.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (b) (xxvi)
War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children
Elements
1. The perpetrator conscripted or enlisted one or more persons into the national
armed forces or used one or more persons to participate actively in hostilities.
2. Such person or persons were under the age of 15 years.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known that such person or persons were
under the age of 15 years.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c)
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-1
War crime of murder
Elements
1. The perpetrator killed one or more persons.
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel, or religious personnel56 taking no active part in the hostilities.
56 The term ‘religious personnel’ includes those non-confessional non-combatant military personnel carrying out
a similar function.
34
Elements of Crimes
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-2
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interests.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-3
War crime of cruel treatment
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel, or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
35
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) (i)-4
War crime of torture
Elements
1. The perpetrator inflicted severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon one or
more persons.
2. The perpetrator inflicted the pain or suffering for such purposes as: obtaining
information or a confession, punishment, intimidation or coercion or for any
reason based on discrimination of any kind.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (ii)
War crime of outrages upon personal dignity
Elements
1. The perpetrator humiliated, degraded or otherwise violated the dignity of one or
more persons.57
2. The severity of the humiliation, degradation or other violation was of such degree
as to be generally recognized as an outrage upon personal dignity.
3. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
57 For this crime, ‘persons’ can include dead persons. It is understood that the victim need not personally be
aware of the existence of the humiliation or degradation or other violation. This element takes into account
relevant aspects of the cultural background of the victim.
36
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (c) (iii)
War crime of taking hostages
Elements
1. The perpetrator seized, detained or otherwise held hostage one or more persons.
2. The perpetrator threatened to kill, injure or continue to detain such person or
persons.
3. The perpetrator intended to compel a State, an international organization, a
natural or legal person or a group of persons to act or refrain from acting as an
explicit or implicit condition for the safety or the release of such person or persons.
4. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (c) (iv)
War crime of sentencing or execution without due process
Elements
1. The perpetrator passed sentence or executed one or more persons.58
2. Such person or persons were either hors de combat, or were civilians, medical
personnel or religious personnel taking no active part in the hostilities.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established this
status.
4. There was no previous judgement pronounced by a court, or the court that
rendered judgement was not ‘regularly constituted’, that is, it did not afford the
essential guarantees of independence and impartiality, or the court that rendered
judgement did not afford all other judicial guarantees generally recognized as
indispensable under international law.59
5. The perpetrator was aware of the absence of a previous judgement or of the
denial of relevant guarantees and the fact that they are essential or indispensable
to a fair trial.
58 The elements laid down in these documents do not address the different forms of individual criminal
responsibility, as enunciated in articles 25 and 28 of the Statute.
59 With respect to elements 4 and 5, the Court should consider whether, in the light of all relevant circumstances,
the cumulative effect of factors with respect to guarantees deprived the person or persons of a fair trial.
37
Elements of Crimes
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e)
Article 8 (2) (e) (i)
War crime of attacking civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was a civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities.
3. The perpetrator intended the civilian population as such or individual civilians not
taking direct part in hostilities to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (ii)
War crime of attacking objects or persons using the distinctive emblems of
the Geneva Conventions
Elements
1. The perpetrator attacked one or more persons, buildings, medical units or
transports or other objects using, in conformity with international law, a
distinctive emblem or other method of identification indicating protection under
the Geneva Conventions.
2. The perpetrator intended such persons, buildings, units or transports or other
objects so using such identification to be the object of the attack.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
38
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (iii)
War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian
assistance or peacekeeping mission
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The perpetrator intended such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles
so involved to be the object of the attack.
4. Such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles were entitled to that
protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of
armed conflict.
5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that
protection.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (iv)
War crime of attacking protected objects60
Elements
1. The perpetrator directed an attack.
2. The object of the attack was one or more buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives.
3. The perpetrator intended such building or buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals or
places where the sick and wounded are collected, which were not military
objectives, to be the object of the attack.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
60 The presence in the locality of persons specially protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or of police
forces retained for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order does not by itself render the locality a
military objective.
39
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (v)
War crime of pillaging
Elements
1. The perpetrator appropriated certain property.
2. The perpetrator intended to deprive the owner of the property and to appropriate
it for private or personal use.61
3. The appropriation was without the consent of the owner.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-1
War crime of rape
Elements
1. The perpetrator invaded62 the body of a person by conduct resulting in
penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the
perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim
with any object or any other part of the body.
2. The invasion was committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that
caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of
power, against such person or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment, or the invasion was committed against a person incapable of giving
genuine consent.63
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
61 As indicated by the use of the term ‘private or personal use’, appropriations justified by military necessity
cannot constitute the crime of pillaging.
62 The concept of ‘invasion’ is intended to be broad enough to be gender-neutral.
63 It is understood that a person may be incapable of giving genuine consent if affected by natural, induced or
age-related incapacity. This footnote also applies to the corresponding elements in article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-3, 5 and 6.
40
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-2
War crime of sexual slavery64
Elements
1. The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of
ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or
bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation
of liberty.65
2. The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-3
War crime of enforced prostitution
Elements
1. The perpetrator caused one or more persons to engage in one or more acts of a
sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear
of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against
such person or persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive
environment or such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The perpetrator or another person obtained or expected to obtain pecuniary or
other advantage in exchange for or in connection with the acts of a sexual nature.
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-4
War crime of forced pregnancy
Elements
1. The perpetrator confined one or more women forcibly made pregnant, with the
intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other
grave violations of international law.
64 Given the complex nature of this crime, it is recognized that its commission could involve more than one
perpetrator as a part of a common criminal purpose.
65 It is understood that such deprivation of liberty may, in some circumstances, include exacting forced labour or
otherwise reducing a person to servile status as defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition
of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956. It is also understood that
the conduct described in this element includes trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
41
Elements of Crimes
2. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
3. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-5
War crime of enforced sterilization
Elements
1. The perpetrator deprived one or more persons of biological reproductive
capacity.66
2. The conduct was neither justified by the medical or hospital treatment of the
person or persons concerned nor carried out with their genuine consent.67
3. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
4. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-6
War crime of sexual violence
Elements
1. The perpetrator committed an act of a sexual nature against one or more persons
or caused such person or persons to engage in an act of a sexual nature by force, or
by threat of force or coercion, such as that caused by fear of violence, duress,
detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person or
persons or another person, or by taking advantage of a coercive environment or
such person’s or persons’ incapacity to give genuine consent.
2. The conduct was of a gravity comparable to that of a serious violation of article 3
common to the four Geneva Conventions.
3. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the gravity
of the conduct.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
66 The deprivation is not intended to include birth-control measures which have a non-permanent effect in
practice.
67 It is understood that ‘genuine consent’ does not include consent obtained through deception.
42
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (vii)
War crime of using, conscripting and enlisting children
Elements
1. The perpetrator conscripted or enlisted one or more persons into an armed force
or group or used one or more persons to participate actively in hostilities.
2. Such person or persons were under the age of 15 years.
3. The perpetrator knew or should have known that such person or persons were
under the age of 15 years.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (viii)
War crime of displacing civilians
Elements
1. The perpetrator ordered a displacement of a civilian population.
2. Such order was not justified by the security of the civilians involved or by military
necessity.
3. The perpetrator was in a position to effect such displacement by giving such order.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (ix)
War crime of treacherously killing or wounding
Elements
1. The perpetrator invited the confidence or belief of one or more combatant
adversaries that they were entitled to, or were obliged to accord, protection under
rules of international law applicable in armed conflict.
2. The perpetrator intended to betray that confidence or belief.
3. The perpetrator killed or injured such person or persons.
4. The perpetrator made use of that confidence or belief in killing or injuring such
person or persons.
5. Such person or persons belonged to an adverse party.
43
Elements of Crimes
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (x)
War crime of denying quarter
Elements
1. The perpetrator declared or ordered that there shall be no survivors.
2. Such declaration or order was given in order to threaten an adversary or to
conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors.
3. The perpetrator was in a position of effective command or control over the
subordinate forces to which the declaration or order was directed.
4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-1
War crime of mutilation
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to mutilation, in particular by
permanently disfiguring the person or persons, or by permanently disabling or
removing an organ or appendage.
2. The conduct caused death or seriously endangered the physical or mental health
of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
the person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.68
4. Such person or persons were in the power of another party to the conflict.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
68 Consent is not a defence to this crime. The crime prohibits any medical procedure which is not indicated by the
state of health of the person concerned and which is not consistent with generally accepted medical standards
which would be applied under similar medical circumstances to persons who are nationals of the party
conducting the procedure and who are in no way deprived of liberty. This footnote also applies to the similar
element in article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-2.
44
Elements of Crimes
Article 8 (2) (e) (xi)-2
War crime of medical or scientific experiments
Elements
1. The perpetrator subjected one or more persons to a medical or scientific
experiment.
2. The experiment caused the death or seriously endangered the physical or mental
health or integrity of such person or persons.
3. The conduct was neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
such person or persons concerned nor carried out in such person’s or persons’
interest.
4. Such person or persons were in the power of another party to the conflict.
5. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
6. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.
Article 8 (2) (e) (xii)
War crime of destroying or seizing the enemy’s property
Elements
1. The perpetrator destroyed or seized certain property.
2. Such property was property of an adversary.
3. Such property was protected from that destruction or seizure under the
international law of armed conflict.
4. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established the status
of the property.
5. The destruction or seizure was not required by military necessity.
6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an armed conflict
not of an international character.
7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence
of an armed conflict.